Inflammation Flashcards by Okonkwo Paula

Signs of inflammation

DOCTOR

D. dolor pain
O
C. Calor heat
T. Tumor swelling
O loss of function
R. Rubor. Redness

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What is inflammation

Inflammation is the response the body gives when there is an injury to a vascularised body tissue

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Acute inflammation is characterized by

Leukocytes and plasma protein is localized at site of infection

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The phases of acute inflammation is

Vascular and cellular

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Stages of vascular inflammation

Immediate vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Permeability
Margination of leukocyte

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First stage in permeability of blood vessel in acute inflammation is

Endothelial constriction

Affects only veins
Results in gap formation in endothelial blood vessels
Histamin leucotrine and bradykinin are mediatiors

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The second stage of permeability in acute inflammation

Mild destruction of endothelial cells

Carried out by TNF and IL 1
Result after prolonged inflammation
Affect only veins and capillaries
Results in mild permeability

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In the cellular events what causes the rolling of leucocytes

Selectin

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Types of selectin involved in rolling of leucocytes include

P Selectin
E Selectin
L Selectin

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The preformed Selectin involved in leucocytes rolling is

P Selectin

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P Selectin is formed and stored in what

Weibel palade bodies

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The Selectin also involved in adhesion is called

E Selectin

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Weibels palade bodies is what

The storage house for P Selectin

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Rolling of leucocytes involves

When leucocytes forms a weak adhesive bond to endothelial receptors in search of an injured endothelium

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What cytokine results in adhesion of leucocytes in acute inflammation

Integrin

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Selectin bind to ——— on the surface of neutrophils

Sailyl Lewis x

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Histamine is produced from

Mast cells

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What is respiratory burst

This is when leucocytes forms radicals and uses it to kill pathogens

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How does neutrophils form radicals

Using oxygen

Oxygen ————> superoxide anion
NADPH
oxidase

Superoxide anion is converted to hydrogen peroxide
Etc

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Radicals that don’t need oxygen to be formed in acute inflammation is

Elastase
Lactoferrin
Defensin
Lysozyme

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What is margination

It is when. Leucocytes moves from axial flow to peripheral flow

That is close to the endothelium of blood vessels

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Purulent inflammation is characterized by

Pus formation
Pus/ abscess in cavity

Found in boils

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Serous inflammation is characterized by

Fluid in cavity
Fluid form plasma

Found in blisters or burns

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Fibrinous inflammation characterized by

Procoagulant stimukus is present

It mainly occurs in body cavity like meninges and pleura

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Chronic inflammation is characterized by

Infiltration of mononuclear cells Tissue damage Active inflammation Healing undergoing simultaneously

Granulumatous inflammation is characterized by

Activated macrophages around an inflammatory focus

What is granuloma

Granuloma is when there is an accumulation of activated macrophages at a site of infection

The formation of granuloma needs the activation of what to activate macrophages

Activation of T cells leads to activation of macrophages

Activated macrophages becomes multinucleate giant cells

Types of giant multi nucleated cells in inflammation is

Foreign body giant cells Langhan giant cell Toutons giant cells Aschoff giant cells

Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in xanthoma

Toutons giant cells

Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in tuberculosis

Langhan giant cells

Which of the giant cells formation is usually found in rhematic nodules

Aschoff giant cells

In the giant cells formation nuclei are usually scattered throughout the cytoplasm ????

Foreign body giant cells

In the giant cells formation nuclei are arranged at the periphery or forms horseshoe or ring or clustered at poles ????

Langhan giant cells

These giant cells have vacoulated cytoplasm

Toutons giant cells

Which of these giant cells usually forms a horseshoe or ring Foreign body Langhan Toutons Aschoff

Langhan giant cells

Which of these giant cells usually have it’s nuclei scattered all round the cytoplasm Foreign body Langhan Toutons Aschoff

Foreign body giant cells

What giant cells is usually found in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis

Langhan giant cells

What lymphocyte propagates chronic inflammation

CD4 lymphocyte

Neutrophils are found at what types of inflammation

Acute inflammation

What lymphocyte is found at both acute and chronic inflammation

Mast cells

What is edema

Accumulation of body fluid Whithin the extra vascular compartment and interstitial tissue

Effusion means

Excess Fluid in body cavity eg pleura

Transudate is

Edema fluid with low protein content

Exudate is

Edema fluid with high protein value

Between exudate and transudate Which of these is inflammation involved with

Exudate Inflammation is involved with exudate and not transudate

A filterate of the blood plasma without changes to the endothelial permeability is

Transudate

Pus is an okay xample of Transudate or exudate

Exudate

Oedema associated with increased vascular permeability is

Exudate Or inflammation

What is a laparotomy

It is an incision or cut done on the abdomen

What direction those a laparotomy follow

A vertical cut From the upper abdomen to the lower abdomen

A surgeon cuts through the skin to remove the entire tumor is what type of biopsy

Excisional biopsy

A surgeon cuts parts of a large tumor is what type of biopsy

Inscisional biopsy

A cystoscope is used to look at the

Urethra ( urine tube) and bladder

A hyteroscope is used to look at

Uterus ( womb)

A bronchoscope is used to look at

Lungs bronchi

A colonoscope is used to look at

Large intestine

Dolor is

Pain

Calor

Heat

Tumor is

Swelling

Rubor is

Redness

Chemotaxis is

A unidirectional attraction of leucocytes with chemicals to the site of vascular damage

Inflammation mediators that cause increased vascular permeability is

C3a nd C5a

Inflammation mediators that activates chemotaxis

C5a

Inflammation mediators that cause opsonisation

C3B and C3Bi

What cell is predominant in acute inflammation

Neutrophils

What cell is predominant in chronic inflammation

Macrophages

The prescence of exudate clinically shows

Swelling

Acute inflammation secretes exudate into extracellular spaces

Difference between monocyte and macrophages

Monocytes swim in the blood for 1-3days before migrating into ECF macrophages are monocytes that have migrated

Giant cells are formed by

Fusion of two or more macrophages

Types of chronic inflammation

Non specific inflammation Granulomatous inflammation

Types of granulomatous inflammation

Foriegn body granuloma Immune granuloma

Foreign body granuloma responds to

Sutures Fibers Talc

Fever shows what types of inflammation

Chronic inflammation

Inflammation Flashcards

(76 cards)