Hemoglobin Part 1

Question 1

Volume of Hemoglobin in RBC

Answer 1

approx. 34 g/dL

Question 2

Molecular Weight of Hemoglobin

Answer 2

64,000 Daltons

Question 3

Functions of Hemoglobin

Answer 3

• Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
• Transports carbon dioxide from tissues to
  the lungs
• Transports of nitric oxide
• Contributes to acid-base balance

Question 4

is a substance that regulate the vascular
tone and considered a vasodilator

Answer 4

Nitric oxide

Question 5

How does Hgb contributes to acid-base balance?

Answer 5

• Hgb binds to H+ ions (decrease conc.
  of H+ ions) → ↑ pH (alkaline)
• Hgb releases H+ ions (increase conc.
  of free H+ ions) → ↓ pH (acidic)

Question 6

Note:
H+ ions concentration is inversely proportional to pH

Answer 6

↑ H+ ions →↓ pH (acidic)
↓H+ ions → ↑ pH (alkaline)

Question 7

Hemoglobin can be separated in what two components?

Answer 7

• Heme portion
• Globin portion

Question 8

HEME STRUCTURE contains

Answer 8

Heme/ Ferroprotoporphyrin IX

Question 9

Heme/Ferroprotoporphyrin IX is consist of

Answer 9

• Consists of: Protoporphyrin IX (ring of
  carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms) +
  Ferrous Iron
• 1 heme: Ferrous iron combines with 1 O2
  molecule

Question 10

How is methemoglobin formed?

Answer 10

Fe2+ → oxidized to Fe3+ → can’t bind O2
→ Methemoglobin (non-functional; no
oxygen-carrying capacity)

Question 11

GLOBIN STRUCTURE contains

Answer 11

Globin Chains

Question 12

Globin/Polypeptide Chain is consists of

Answer 12

2 identical pairs of unlike polypeptide chains

Question 13

Note:
The four globin chains comprising each
hemoglobin molecule consist of two identical
pairs of unlike polypeptide chains:

Answer 13

• The color (2) pink and (2) blue in the
  image is the Globin/Polypeptide Chain
• 1 pair: 1 globin (pink) + 1 globin (blue);
  both horizontally and vertically
• 1 pair: 1 alpha and 1 beta (2 different
  polypeptide chains, hence unlike
  polypeptide chains
• Each pair have similar pair with others,
  hence 2 identical pairs

Question 14

Variation in ____________________________
gives rise to different types of globin
chains | variation in ___________________ gives rise to different types of hemoglobin

Answer 14

amino acid sequence; the combination of two globin chains

Question 15

1 globin chain is divided into __ helices
(linear & rigid) separated by __
nonhelical segments (flexible)

Answer 15

8 ; 7

Question 16

is composed of 2 alpha and 2 gamma. It composed of different combination of two globin chains

Answer 16

Hemoglobin F

Question 17

Alpha (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

Answer 17

141

Question 18

Gamma (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

Answer 18

146

Question 18

Beta (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

Answer 18

146

Question 19

Delta (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

Answer 19

146

Question 20

Epsilon (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

Answer 20

146

Question 21

Zeta (Globin Chain) - Number of Amino Acids

Answer 21

141

Question 22

Alpha (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

Answer 22

16

Question 23

Beta (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

Answer 23

11

Question 24

Gamma (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

Answer 24

11

Question 25

Delta (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

Answer 25

11

Question 26

Epsilon (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

Answer 26

11

Question 27

Zeta (Globin Chain) - Chromosome

Answer 27

16

Question 28

Hemoglobin Molecule Primary Structure

Answer 28

amino acid sequence

Question 29

Hemoglobin Molecule Secondary Structure

Answer 29

chain arrangements in helices and nonhelices

Question 30

Hemoglobin Molecule Tertiary Structure

Answer 30

arrangement of helices in pretzel-like configuration

Question 31

is suspended between E & F helices

Answer 31

Heme

Question 32

The pretzel-like configuration will now form a pocket in order to

Answer 32

accommodate the heme

Question 33

The amino acids present inside the pocket are _________, while the amino acid outside are ___________.

Answer 33

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

Question 34

This arrangement of acids in the polypeptide chain will make the hemoglobin as a

Answer 34

whole -water soluble.

Question 35

The iron inside the heme must be maintained in its _______ state so that the heme will be capable of binding to oxygen

Answer 35

ferrous

Question 36

Hemoglobin Molecule Quaternary Structure/Tetramer

Answer 36

complete Hgb molecule | spherical/globular | 4 heme groups + 4 globin chains

Question 37

Summary of Hemoglobin Molecule

Answer 37

* 1 Hgb = 4 heme + 4 globin/polypeptide chains * 1 heme = 4 Pyrrole Rings + 1 Iron (Fe2+) | 1 Hgb = 4 iron molecules * 1 heme = 1 Iron (Fe2+) + 1 mole of O2 (1.34 mL) | 1 Hgb= 4 moles of O2

Question 38

predominant adult hemoglobin

Answer 38

Hb A

Question 39

small % of Hb A is glycated

Answer 39

HbA1c (4% to 6%)

Question 40

nonenzymatic binding of various sugars to the globin chain over the life span of the RBC

Answer 40

Glycation

Question 41

hemoglobin that contains sugar- bound in its globin chain.

Answer 41

Glycated Hemoglobin

Question 42

The most characterized of the glycated hemoglobin is

Answer 42

Hb A1c (4 to 6%)