Hemoglobin Synthesis

Question 1

Hemoglobin contribute to _______ balance.

Answer 1

acid-base

Question 2

How many amino acids are there in a Hb structure?

Answer 2

574 amino acids

Question 3

It is responsible for Hb affinity to O2 and release O2 from heme.

Answer 3

2-3, diphosphoglycerate

Question 4

Increase in 2,3 DPG production indicates

Answer 4

low Hb’s O2 affinity

Question 5

Give shift RIGHT consequences on:

1. O2 affinity
2. pH
3. temperature
4. adult or young RBC?

Answer 5

1. low O2 affinity
2. increase pH (acidic)
3. increase temperature
4. adult RBC

Question 6

Give shift LEFT consequences on:

1. O2 affinity
2. pH
3. temperature
4. adult or young RBC?

Answer 6

1. high O2 affinity
2. high pH (basic)
3. low temperature
4. young RBC (HbF)

Question 7

balance maintenance through uptake and release

Answer 7

iron

Question 8

apical brush border of duodenal enterocytes

Answer 8

Divalent Metal Transporter 1

Question 9

iron storage

Answer 9

ferritin

Question 10

basolateral border of duodenal enterocytes

Answer 10

Ferroportin 1

Question 11

allows macrophages to recycle iron

Answer 11

Ferroportin 1

Question 12

What is hemochromatosis?

Answer 12

Iron overload

Question 13

What happens in hemochromatosis?

Answer 13

Increase ferroportin

Increase iron

Question 14

plasma protein transporter

Answer 14

transferrin

Question 15

regulates iron distribution and metabolism (absorption and mobilization)

Answer 15

hepcidin

Question 16

insuffienct hepcidin leads to

Answer 16

hemochromatosis

Question 17

overexpression of hepcidin leads to

Answer 17

microcytic anemia

Question 18

Name the condition when there is an absence of any enzymes involved in heme synthesis

Answer 18

porphyria

Question 19

True or False:

Sideroblastic anemia accumulates large amount of ferritin in RBCs

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Give the globin chain.

Gower I

Answer 20

zeta + epsilon

Question 21

Give the globin chain.

Gower II

Answer 21

alpha + epsilon

Question 22

Give the globin chain.

Portland

Answer 22

zeta + gamma

Question 23

Give the globin chain.

HbF

Answer 23

alpha + gamma

Question 24

Give the globin chain.

HbA

Answer 24

alpha + beta

Question 25

Give the globin chain. HbA2

Answer 25

**alpha** + **delta**

Question 26

Give the globin chain. Hb A1C

Answer 26

**alpha** + **beta** + **glucose**

Question 27

**Variant Forms of Hemoglobin** has a cherry red color and has a greater affinity to CO than O2

Answer 27

carboxyhemoglobin

Question 28

**Variant Forms of Hemoglobin** forms greenish derivative, contains sulfur, cannot transport O2

Answer 28

sulfhemoglobin

Question 29

**Variant Forms of Hemoglobin** ferric state, cannot combine with oxygen

Answer 29

methemoglobin

Question 30

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** uses glucose to generarte ATP and maintains cellular energy

Answer 30

Embden-Meyerhof Glycolytic Pathway

Question 31

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** What is the ATP net gain Embden-meyerhof Glycolytic Pathway?

Answer 31

2 ATP's

Question 32

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** prevents heme iron oxidation

Answer 32

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

Question 33

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** ferrous to ferric

Answer 33

Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway

Question 34

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** regulates Hb's O2 affinity (2,3-DPG)

Answer 34

Luebering-Rapoport Pathway

Question 35

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** permits 2,3-DPG accumulation

Answer 35

Luebering-Rapoport Pathway

Question 36

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** also known as: "Oxidative Pathway" "Hexose Monophosphate Shunt" "Pentose Phosphate Shunt"

Answer 36

Phosphogluconate Pathway

Question 37

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** prevents globin denaturation by oxidation

Answer 37

Phosphogluconate Pathway

Question 38

**Metabolic Activities of Erythrocytes** G6PD deficiency and Heinz bodies presence

Answer 38

Phosphogluconate Pathway