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Hematology I & II > Leukemias, Lymphomas, Myelomas > Flashcards

Leukemias, Lymphomas, Myelomas Flashcards

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1
Q

Leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas are?

A

neoplastic proliferative diseases

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2
Q

neoplastic proliferative disease is also known as?

A

neoplasms

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3
Q

disease of leukocyte

A

Leukemia

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4
Q

uncontrolled proliferation & accumulation of one or more hematopoietic cells (WBCs) in blood and BM

A

Leukemia

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5
Q

overproduction of various types of immature or mature leukocytes in blood and BM

A

Leukemia

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6
Q

usually involves leukocytes (myelogenous/lymphocytic)

A

Leukemia

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7
Q

malignant cells freely trespass blood-brain barrier (BBB)

A

Leukemia

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8
Q

solid malignant tumors of the lymph nodes

A

Lymphomas

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9
Q

malignancy starts in the lymph system

A

Lymphoma

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10
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Reed Stenberg cells

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11
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Burkitt lymphoma

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12
Q

More prevalent type of lymphoma

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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13
Q

malignant cells are confined to organs containing mononuclear phagocyte cells

A

Lymphoma

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14
Q

Give 4 organs with mononuclear phagocyte cells

A

• lymph nodes • spleen • liver • BM

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15
Q

plasma cell’s cancer

A

Myeloma

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16
Q

↑ Bence Jones Protein (BSP) ↑ IgG

A

Myeloma

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17
Q

• overproduction of plasma cells • production of abnormal proteins

A

Myeloma

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18
Q

In myelomas, ______ form a mass/tumor that is located in the BM

A

plasma cells

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19
Q

What are the 2 forms of leukemia?

A
  • acute
  • chronic
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20
Q

_______ affect other cell lineages beacuse the hematopoietic space in the BM is filled with blasts

A

overproliferation of WBCs

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21
Q

Overproliferation of WBCs may cause?
*There are 3.

A
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • hemorrhagic tendencies
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22
Q

Type of Leukemia

  • short duration
  • bone pain
A

Acute leukemia

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23
Q

Type of Leukemia

  • immature cell (blasts) form in the BM /peripheral blood
  • ↑ total leukocyte count (leukocytosis)
A

Acute leukemia

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24
Q

Type of Leukemia

  • bone pain from a large leukemic cell mass
  • prognosis if untreated: several weeks to several months
A

Acute leukemia

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25
**Type of Leukemia** * long duration * ↑ to ↓ than normal
Chronic leukemia
26
**Type of Leukemia** * **mature cell** forms in the BM/peripheral blood * prognosis if untreated: **months to many years**
Chronic leukemia
27
Classification of leukemia is in accordance to: \*There are three.
* predominant blood cell * morphological & cytochemical result * FAB clinical criteria * enhanced with molecular information (WHO)
28
**Leukemia Classification** * myelogenous * monocytic * lymphocytic
French-American-British classification
29
**Leukemia Classification** added **immunophenotyping** & **genetic studies** (for differentiation)
World Health Organization classification
30
1st type of curative intervention in the 1920s
radiation therapy
31
2 components of chemotherapy
* adrenoglucocorticosteroids * antifolate agents
32
1st effective drug therapy in the 1940s
adrenoglucocorticosteroids
33
important for DNA maturation
antifolate agents
34
_True or False_ modern drugs are more toxic to patients
False \*less toxic
35
* targets at the molecular level * drug is designed for a particular patient
Precision medicine
36
immediate cause of leukemia
genetic mutation
37
**Malignant proliferation** is related to genes but begins when a _______ such as **chemical or ionizing radiation** damaged the DNA of a critical gene
carcinogenic agent
38
What are the 7 predisposing factors of leukemia?
1. genetic & immunological factors 2. occupational exposure 3. environmental exposure 4. chemical & drug exposure 5. genetic abnormalities & association 6. viral agents 7. secondary causes
39
part of one chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to a different chromosome
translocation
40
most common type of DNA change leading to leukemia
translocation
41
most common CML translocation
t(9;22)
42
t(9;22) is also known as
Philadelphia chromosome
43
swapping of DNA between chromosome 9 & 22
Philadelphia chromosome or t(9;22)
44
In Philadelphia chromosome/t(9;22), it involves what oncogene?
BCR-ABL gene
45
part of the chromosome gets turned around
inversions
46
part of the chromosome is lost
deletions
47
* regulates proliferation of cell growth in normal cells * begins aprogram of deregulated growth * "antioncogene"
Tumor suppressor gene
48
loss of a gene where cell can no longer read its instructions in protein translation
inversions
49
extra chromosome is gained
addition
50
* altered version of normal genes * cancer-predisposing genes
oncogenes
51
produced through mutation in a target cell
oncogene
52
oncogene antecedents
protooncogenes
53
normal cell growth's central regulators
protooncogenes
54
Give the disorder Abl oncogene
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
55
Give the disorder Myc oncogene
Burkitt lymphoma
56
Give the disorder Ras type oncogene
variety of tumors
57
Diffusible factors released by normal cells to inhibit proliferation of abnormal cells.
* B-interferon * Tumor growth factor * Tumor necrosis factor
58
early clones of neoplastic cells are eliminated by the immune response
immunologic surveillance
59
Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome
60
contributes to the malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells
Trisomy 21
61
What is ALL?
**A**cute **l**ymphocytic **l**eukemia
62
What is AMKL?
**A**cute **m**ega**k**aryoblastic **l**eukemia
63
What is TMD?
**T**ransient **M**yeloproliferative **D**isorder
64
immature megakaryoblasts in the fetal liver & peripheral blood *(preleukemic)*
Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder
65
* ionizing radiation * radiation induces leukemia
occupational exposure
66
* exposure to low levels of radiation * radiation therapy, x-rays, CT scans
environmental exposure
67
What chemical/drug increases probability of various forms of cancer?
benzene
68
strongly linked to increased risk of AML
chemical exposure
69
* infectious mononucleosis * B lymphocytes proliferation * under herpes family
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
70
* can develop into ALL L3 * type of Non-Hodgkin's lumphoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
71
1st RNA (retrovirus) tumor to occur in human
Human T-cell Lymphoma or Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1)
72
What enzyme ss RNA uses to convert viral RNA into DNA?
reverse transcriptase enzyme
73
* targets T-helper cells (CD4) to decrease CD4 count and cause immunodeficiency * etiologic agents in AIDS
HIV
74
cervical carcinoma & genical warts
papillomavirus
75
most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death in children
leukemia
76
**Leukemia** infants \< 18 months
myelogenous leukemia
77
**Leukemia** children (0-14)
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
78
**Leukemia** adults \> 60 years
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
79
**Leukemia** geriatic \> 67 years old
myeloma

Hematology I & II (9 decks)

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