Henry 7th - consolidation Flashcards
(19 cards)
When was Battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
When and Why did Henry Backdate his reign?
21st August - to try those who fought against him as traitors.
How many did Henry knight on battle field?
11, promoted loyalty and strength. first act as new king.
Who did Henry marry and why was this tactical?
Elizabeth of York, united two houses, any heir would have complete undeniable legitimacy. Ending feud of houses.
When was Henry coronated?
October 30th 1485, did before marriage to Elizabeth so no one could say she essentially gave him his crown.
When did Henry receive the papal dispensation?
16th January 1486, allowing their marriage (due to their distant blood relation)
When did Henry marry Elizabeth?
18th January 1486
When was Arthur born and why was this significant?
Prince Arthur was born on 20 September 1486 at Winchester it helped secure the Tudor dynasty soon after Henry VII had taken the throne. Arthur was seen as the embodiment of unity between the houses of Lancaster and York, being the son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.
Lovell and Stafford Rebellion (1486)
Led by Francis Lovell and Humphrey Stafford, loyal Yorkists to Richard.Attempted to raise support in Yorkshire and the Midlands to overthrow Henry VII.
Lovell tried to stir rebellion in the north, while the Staffords tried in Worcestershire.Failed. Henry acted quickly:
Lovell fled to Flanders.
Humphrey was captured and executed. Thomas swore loyalty and spared.
Rebellion had very little support and was crushed easily.
Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1487)
Lambert Simnel, a boy who pretended to be Edward, Earl of Warwick.
Supported by Ireland and Margaret of Burgundy (Edward IV’s sister).
Set up by Symmonds his teacher.Simnel was crowned “Edward VI” in Dublin.
Invaded England with mercenaries and some Yorkist nobles.
Defeated by Henry at the Battle of Stoke Field (1487).
Perkin Warbeck Rebellion (1491–1499)
Perkin Warbeck, a pretender claiming to be Richard, Duke of York (one of the Princes in the Tower).
Supported by foreign powers: France, Burgundy, Scotland, and briefly Ireland.Landed in England multiple times between 1495–1497, trying to invade.
Each attempt failed due to lack of English support.
Captured in 1497 after the failed Cornish rising. Fled again caught 1498, execute 1499 alongside earl of Warwick
Controlling nobility: Bonds and recognisances
Legal documents forcing nobles to behave or face huge fines.
Example:
By 1505, 2/3 of the nobility were under bonds or recognisances.
The Marquis of Dorset had to give over hostages and sign a bond for £10,000 in 1491.
Controlling nobility: acts of attainders
arliamentary acts that stripped nobles of land and titles, often without trial, usually for treason or disloyalty.
Purpose: Punished and controlled nobles; also allowed Henry to seize their lands.
Example:
Early in his reign, Henry passed 28 attainders.
By the end, he had issued 138, but 46 were reversed when nobles proved loyalty.
Sir Thomas Tyrell paid £1,738 to have his attainder reversed.
Controlling nobility:Retaining (private armies)
Henry cracked down on nobles keeping private armies.
Laws:
1485: Lords had to swear not to retain illegally.
1504: Nobles needed a licence from the king.
Example:
Lord Bergavenny fined £70,000 in 1506 (though reduced).
Controlling nobility: star chamber
What: Used to try powerful nobles and stop them from escaping justice.
Purpose: Enforced law fairly, and ensured no noble was above it.
controlling nobility: crown lands
Lands held by the king; Henry increased this to reduce noble independence and boost royal income.
How:
Used attainders and forfeitures to seize land.
Took back lands from nobles and ruled them via efficient estate management (e.g. Act of Resumption 1486).
Result:
Income from Crown Lands rose from £12,000 (1485) to £42,000 per year by the end of his reign.
Controlling nobility: feudal dues
What: Henry revived medieval rights over the nobility:
Wardship (control over heirs)
Relief (inheritance tax)
Marriage (profits from noble marriages)
Example:
Revenue rose from £350/year in 1487 to £6,000/year by 1507.
use of new men
What: Promoted lower-ranking men (like lawyers and administrators) who were loyal to the king, not the old nobility.
Example:
Key figures included Dudley, Empson, Morton, and Bray.
Council Learned in Law
Special council enforcing financial control (led by Empson and Dudley).
Significance: Operated outside the normal legal system, making it feared but efficient.
Example:
Nobles like Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley enforced bonds strictly, boosting income and loyalty.
