henry da seventh Flashcards
(9 cards)
Claim to the throne
- Via his mother, Margaret Beaufort, who was a direct descendant of Edward III. Wasn’t the strongest link ever but still
- Royal blood from father too, he was half-brother of Henry VI
- Strongest claim from beating up Richard III at Bosworth
Battle of Bosworth
- Henry, Earl of Richmond at the time, killed Richard III at Bosworth
- Sign that God approved his usurping since he messed up Richard
- After the battle, Henry put the date of his reign to two days before the battle so he could claim Richard was committing treason and nick all of his land (and his supporters’)
Ways he strengthen claim???
- Kept a good relationship with the Pope, the most powerful man in Europe at the time
- Arranged his coronation to the day before first parliament so nobody could claim Parliament made him King
- They had a child called Arthur who symbolised a meeting of York and Lancaster
- Support of the Kings of France and Spain
Role of Yorkists and Lancastrians
- Henry was Lancastrian, married Elizabeth of York to help end tensions
- Biggest Yorkist threat was Margaret of Burgundy, sister to Edward IV
Other Yorkists - - Edward, Earl of Warwick - sent to the Tower at age ten, executed in 1499
- John de la Pole, general pain in the rear, involved in the Battle of Stoke
- Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland - agreed to work with Henry so were pardoned
- Other guys were executed like some guy Francis, idk
Challenges to Henry - Simnel!!
- Lambert Simnel was initially meant to impersonate one of the Princes in the Tower, but the priest behind it changed him to pretending to be the Earl of Warwick (locked up in the tower)
- Simnel went to Ireland and got support of Earl of Kildare
- Simnel crowned King Edward VI in Dublin
- Went to England, backed by Kildare + De la Pole
- But also Burgundy, Margaret provided 2,000 mercenaries teehee
- Lost at Battle of Stoke due to limited domestic support
- Also Henry just paraded the actual Earl of Essex through the streets to show that, yes, he was actually alive. And in the Tower. And not Simnel.
- Supporters were punished + land stolen, De la Pole died at some point, and Simnel became a falconer. Lucky boy.
Challenges to Henry - Warbeck :`)
- Pretended to be Richard, Duke of York (again, one of the princes in the tower)
FRANCE: - Welcomed at French court, joined by 100 English Yorkists
- Treaty of Étaples was negotiated between Henry and France so Warbeck had to run off to Burgundy
BURGUNDY: - Margaret accepted Warbeck as her nephew, but probably didn’t really believe him. Just best shot at knocking Henry off his throne
ROME: - Simultaneously went to Rome for the newly elected Pope’s support
- Pope named him Richard IV, but mister Pope didn’t have the resources to support him in battle
SCOTLAND: - Tried to invade Kent, failed
- Got grumpy and laid siege to a town in Ireland for 11 days, also failed
- Ran off to Scotland where James IV gave him refuge and support
- Gave him his cousin in marriage, a pension of £1,200 - and an army to invade England with!
- Yeah, completely failed again. Had no support in England
- This guy sucks
The extent of Warbeck’s suckage
- Returned to Ireland in 1497, but even Kildare kinda liked Henry at that point
- Went to South of England to try and find support. Driven out of Exeter and was only joined by a few thousand
- Abandoned them within a fortnight, ran of to Hampshire
- Gave up towards the end of 1497, and got locked up
- Tried to escape with the Earl of Warwick (the real one) but they both messed it up. Executed within a week of each other in 1499
- womp womp
Henry and the power of f̶r̶i̶e̶n̶d̶s̶h̶i̶p̶ diplomacy
LOTS OF TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
- Redon, 1489 - promised to protect Brittany from French invasion. Failed to though, when France took over Brittany in uhhh 1491
- Medina del Campo 1489 - Defensive alliance with Spain, promise of marriage between Arthur and Katherine of Aragon
- Étaples 1492 - Henry and Charles III became bestest buddies. Messed up Warbeck’s plan
- Magnus Intercursus 1496 - Trading relations continued after an embargo in 1493
- Truce of Ayton 1497 - Henry and James promised to stop being so grumpy. James promised to stop supporting Warbeck and giving him armies
- Ayton p2, ‘The Treaty of Perpetual Peace’ that made the truce permanent
- Ayton p3 (well not really but still), the treaty was sealed when James IV married Henry’s daughter Margaret (weird but okay) (DUDE I JUST LOOKED HE WAS 30 SHE WAS 13??? OK)
hhhh
don’t care the next page is just threats from the countries again
- read it yourself
- nerd
- kys
