theme 1 = governance at the centre

Question 1

The royak household :)

Answer 1

• Where the monarch lived, responsible for the monarch’s domestic needs
• The royal family lived in the Privy Chamber, a series of private rooms attached to the royal court.
• Between the Court and the Privy Chamber was the Presence Chamber, where the monarch could meet with people in a more intimate setting

Question 2

How did royal household change????

Answer 2

Wolsey made an attempt to reform them with the Eltham Ordinances
- Proposed to downsize the household due to size and expense
- A council of 20 ministers who would advise the King
- Not implemented until after Wolsey’s death
During Henry VIII’s reign, many household members were appointed to positions of power - important people

Edward VI - household was dominated by nobility. Somerset and Northumberland filled it with their own supporters to influence Edward + control patronage

Mary + Elizabeth - increase in number of women in the household. Many were married to courtiers, who could influence the Queens via their wives

Elizabeth - political importance of the Household declined as the Privy Council became where issues were discussed

Question 3

p…pp..privy council??

Answer 3

sorry i remembered that i do not care

Question 4

The post of Lord Lieutenant under Henry and Edward

Answer 4

• Dates from the reign of Henry VIII, responsible for mustering and training troops either for domestic or foreign use
• Day-to-day running was JPs and Sheriffs - the Lord Lieutenants were a new layer that answered direct to Henry

HENRY VIII
- Appointed during his war with Scotland and France during 1512-13
- Richest + most powerful landowners commissioned to organise local defence
- Esp in places that bordered Scotland + the coast, vulnerable to attack
- Meant to be temporary in response to threats, inc. Pilgrimage of Grace

EDWARD VI
- Also deployed Lord Lieutenants during Kett’s uprising and the Western Rebellion

Question 5

The post of Lord Lieutenant under Mary and Elizabeth

Answer 5

MARY I
- First step to making Lord Lieutenants permanent - divided the Kingdom into ten lieutenancies, given responsiblity for military matters in spec. regions
- Lapsed after her death + when Liz made peace with France in ‘59

ELIZABETH I
- Summoned on a temp. basis to deal with e.g. Northern Uprising
- But war with Spain in 1585 made the post permanent by 1604
- Guarded against invasion and rebellion from Catholics either domestic or from Spain, each county was assigned a Lord Lieutenant and a Deputy

Question 6

Principle Secretary

Answer 6

CROMWELL
- Turned the role into a strong political position with powers to run the government
- Lord Chancellor was technically stronger, yet Lord Chancellor Audley never ran anything
- Chaired council meetings, controlled access to Henry, monitored his correspondence and took control of the Royal Seal

POST-CROMWELL DIVISION
- After his execution in 1540, his post was divided between two men. Response to the increasing burden as government became larger and larger
- Neither man sought to replicate Cromwell’s power

WILLIAM CECIL
- The role of Secretary became powerful once again under Cecil.
- Was a member of the Privy Council, responsible for running the Government, controlled all written communication to and from the Queen.
- Held post for 14 years, where it became permanent.
- Succeeded by Walsingham, and then by Cecil’s son, Robert Cecil

Question 7

Crown, Church, Parliament relations

Answer 7

idk

Question 8

Sovereignty of Statute and Parliamentary Privilege

Answer 8

HENRY VII
- Followed the medieval pattern, master and servant
- Parliament rarely called, only when he wanted new laws or money

HENRY VIII
- Reformation Parliament 1529-36 saw change - king-and-parliament became king-IN-parliament.
- Combination of Parliament and King had power over the church that was stronger than just the monarch

EDWARD VI AND MARY
- Reinforced by Edward, but challenged by Mary
- But even Mary had to go through Parliament to repeal the 1534 Act of Supremacy
- Sig. resistance in parliament for her counter-reformation

ELIXABETH 1
- Reasserted supremacy via parliament… made them more important yet again
- Gave them rights to legislate on religious matters - and so they began to discuss other rights and priviliges
- Free speech discussed, Wentworth was removed from parliament by other MPs for criticising Elizabeth

• Borough rep. grew numbers of MPs

Question 9

uhhhh more parliament stuff i didnt read the page