Henry's Legacy - Part 1 Flashcards
Why was Henry III an unpopular king?
High taxes, and unfair treatment of the English Barons compared to French nobles, who Henry favoured. (Lusignan family)
Henry lost control over law and order, and many people were escaping justice (Outlaws = Outlawry). The legal system was corrupt as barons had taken over local justices with their own courts (manorial courts).
Who led the Baron’s War (rebellion) against Henry III?
Simon du Montfort
Henry was defeated at the Battle of Lewes in 1264
What did Edward do in response to the Baron’s War?
Defeated De Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265
How did Henry III treat his barons?
Treated rebel barons badly.
316 rebelled, so he took and split their land across 133 supporters.
SO WHAT:
- Pleases supporters, angers rebels more, prolongs rebellion
How did Edward mitigate the damage done to the barons?
Edward allowed them to make redemption payments to regain land.
Some rebel barons dropped out, as some couldn’t afford to while keeping up w redemption payments.
- Wins back rebel barons through societal reintegration
- Brings in money
How did Henry III treat crusades?
He promised a crusade in the 1250s and never did it. The country was either broke or too unstable enough to leave.
What was Edward’s attitude to crusades?
He went on a crusade 1270.
Edward crusaded for 2 years after Henry III’s death (1272) though proving England’s stability
How did Henry treat paying homage?
England and Wales were unsettled due to Llywelyn refusing to pay homage.
Treaty of Montgomery in 1267 settled peace, with Llywelyn becoming Prince of Wales
SO WHAT: Undermines royal authority but settles peace with Wales
In what position was Edward left after Henry’s death?
England was fianancially weak, as Edward’s crusade was very expensive.
Although Henry III gained Llwelyn’s loyalty due to ToM, he wasn’t powerful enough to force him to keep its terms.
Despite the instability of the reign, however, Edward had won the respect of the English barons. This meant he was accepted easily as the new king after Henry III died, so he returned from crusade slowly, focussing on securing his lands in Gascony first.
