Hepatitis

Question 1

Hepatic cell plates are made from what?

Answer 1

Hepatocytes

Question 2

Between hepatocytes are what?

Answer 2

Bile canaliculi that empty into the bile duct

Question 3

What is hepatitis?

Answer 3

Inflammation of the liver

Question 4

What can hepatitis result from?

Answer 4

Viral infection or liver damage

Question 5

What family does hep c belong to

Answer 5

Flaviviridae

Question 6

Hep C envelope displays how many surface glycoproteins?

Answer 6

2 (E1 and E2)

Question 7

What do E1 and E2 do?

Answer 7

Mediate binding and entry into target cells

Question 8

How does hep C enter cells?

Answer 8

Binds to specific receptors on the surface of hepatocytes in liver, lateral movement towards tight junctions and internalised via clatherin-coated endosomes

Question 9

HCV lipoviral particles attach to what expressed at the plasma membrane?

Answer 9

HSPGs, LDLRs and SRB1

Question 10

What is CD81?

Answer 10

A membrane HCV co-receptor that binds to E2 glycoproteins on the viral particle

Question 11

What does claudin 1 do?

Answer 11

Interacts with CD81

Question 12

What are the steps in HCV infection?

Answer 12

1. HCV attaches (HSPGs, LDLR, SRB1)
2. Lateral movement and CLDN1-CD81 interaction
3. Internalisation (clathirin mediated endocytosis)

Question 13

HCV produces what?

Answer 13

A polyprotein that is processed by viral and cellular proteases into 10 gene products

Question 14

What is the polypeptide cleaved by?

Answer 14

Viral and cellular proteases

Question 15

Where does translation of proteins occur?

Answer 15

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

What is the core?

Answer 16

Forms nucleocapsid

Question 17

What are E1 and E2?

Answer 17

Envelope glycoproteins

Question 18

What is P7?

Answer 18

Member of a viroporin family of ion channels

Question 19

What is NS2?

Answer 19

cysteine-protease

Question 20

What is NS3?

Answer 20

Serine-type protease that is activated by stable interactions with NS4A

Question 21

What is NS4B?

Answer 21

Important in rearrange of host cell membranes

Question 22

What is NS5A?

Answer 22

Phosphoprotein, RNA replication

Question 23

What is NS5B?

Answer 23

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 24

What is a HCV-induced membranous web?

Answer 24

A cluster of single and double membrane vesicles as well as multi-vesicular bodies, also contains lipid rich droplets

Question 25

RNA synthesis is catalysed by what?

Answer 25

Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerise activity of NS5B

Question 26

What family does HBV belong to?

Answer 26

Hepadnaviridae

Question 27

HBV dsDNA or ssRNA?

Answer 27

dsDNA

Question 28

How is HBV transmitted?

Answer 28

Through contact with bloo or other bodily fluids of an infected person

Question 29

What is alcoholic hepatitis associated with?

Answer 29

Oxidative stress, inflammation of the liver, translocation of bacterial products from the gut microbiota into the portal blood stream

Question 30

Where is ethanol primarily metabolised?

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

Ethanol metabolism leads to build up of what?

Answer 31

NADH and acetaldehyde (destructive to cells)

Question 32

What reacts with DNA to result in tissue injury?

Answer 32

Acetaldehyde

Question 33

What are kupffer cells?

Answer 33

Specialised macrophages located in the liver

Question 34

What do gut derived endotoxins activate kupffer cells to induce?

Answer 34

An inflammatory response including TNF and IL production

Question 35

LPS activation of kupffer cells leads to activation of what?

Answer 35

Enzyme NADPH oxidase leading to ROS formation