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Hepatitis Med chem Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

liver functions

A

regulate metabolism
sythesize proteins
store vitamins and iron
degrading hormones
inactivating and excreting drugs and toxins

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2
Q

hepatitis =

A

inflammation of the liver

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3
Q

acute hepatitis

A

short-term hepatitis
immune system clears the virus from the body within 6 months

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4
Q

chronic hepatitis

A

long-term hepatitis
infection last longer than 6 months
immune system cannot clear the virus from the body

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5
Q

cause of acute hepatitis

A

viral hepatitis
non viral infection
alcohol
toxins
drugs
ischemic hepatitis
auto immune
metbolic disease

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6
Q

causes of chronic hepatitis

A

viral hepatitis
alcohol
drugs
non alocholic streahepatitis
autoimmune
heredity

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7
Q

viral structural

A

no cell wall
nucleic acid components
containing envelop-antigenic in nature

they do not have metabolic machinery of their own - uses host enzymes

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8
Q

stages of viral replication

A

cell entry attachment - penetration
uncoating
transcription of viral genome
translation
assembly of vision component
release

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9
Q

Hep A features

A

SsRNA
fecal oral transmission

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10
Q

Hep B features

A

DsDNA
parenteral transmission
sexual transmission (COMMONN)

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11
Q

Hep C features

A

SsRNA
parental transmission
sexual transmission (uncommon)

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12
Q

Hep D features

A

SsRNA
parental transmission
sexual transmission (uncommon)

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13
Q

Hep E features

A

SsRNA
fecal oral transmission

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14
Q

Hepatitis A Virus

A

picornavirus
nonenveloped
single- stranded RNA packaged in a protein shell

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15
Q

Hepatitis A Prevention

A

Immune Globulin

-preexposure: travelers to intermediate and high HAV-endemic regions

-Post-exposure: (within 14 days)
– routine: household & other inmate contacts
–selected situations: institutions, common source exposure

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16
Q

prevention: hep A vaccine

A

havrix , vaqta

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17
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

A

nuceocasod enclosed the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase that has reverse transcriptase activity similar to retroviruses

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18
Q

Chronic Hepatitis B infections

A

cirrhosis of the liver
hepatocellular carcinoma

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19
Q

available treatment options for chronic hepatitis B

A

interferons
-interferon-alpha
-pegylated interferon

nucleotide analogue antiviral agents
-lamivudine
-entercavir
-adefovir dipivoxil
-ribavirin
-telbivudine
-tenofovir

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
-adefovir
-entecavir
-lamivudine
-telbivudine
-tenofovir

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20
Q

interferon-alpha

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A

a cytokine
one of the signaling mechanism of immunomodulation

21
Q

nucleoside analogs

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A

polymerase inhibitors that target DNA elongation by inhibiting the revers transcription of HBV

-efficient, but longterm use result in drug resistance and recurrence and HBV genome can’t be eradicated

22
Q

Hep B prevention:

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A

Vaccination
-highly effective recombinant vaccine are now available

Hep B Immunoglobulin
-protect ppl who are exposed
-efficacious within 48 hours
-may give to neonates at increased risk of hep B whose mom are HBsAg and HBeAg positive

23
Q

First line HBV

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A

entecavir
tenofovir
pegylated interferon

24
Q

Second line HBV

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A

adefovir dipivoxil
telbivudine

25
Third line HBV
lamivudine others: interferon alpha
26
Entecavir
nucleoside analoge (guanosine) inhibiting revers transcription, DNA replication, and transcription in the replication process not a ligand of CP450
27
Entecavir MOA
guanosine nucleoside analog 1: base priming 2: reverse transcription of the neg strains from the pregenomic messenger RNA 3 synthesis of the pos strain of HBV DNA entecavir triphosphate has an inhibition of constant (ki) for HBV DNA polymerase of 0.0012uM - weak inhibitor
28
Tenofovir
nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), suppressing reverse transcriptase induces CYPs
29
Tenofovir MOA
inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase by competing with the natural substrate deoxydenosine e triphosphate and after incorporation of DNA, by DNA chain termination
30
Tenofovir side effects
nausea vomiting diarrhea asthenia (weakness, lack of energy) DDI
31
Hepatitis C Virus
small enveloped positive single stranded RNA Flavivirdae family 7 distinct HCV genotypes 67 subtypes genotype 1 is most common
32
treatment of HCV
-protease inhibitor therapies -interferon: chronic pts, more effective with ribavirin -ribavirin: less experienced
33
major anti HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors
1st gen: telaprevir, boceprevir 2nd gen: simeprevir, paritaprevir, grazprevir
34
major anti HCV NS5A inhibitors:
ledipasvir ombitasvir daclatasvir elbasvir velpatasvir
35
major anti HCV NS5B RNA Polymerase inhibitors
nucleoside polymerase inhibitor: sofosbuvir non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor: dasabuvir others: ribavirin (guanosine ribonucleic analog), pegylated interferon
36
two recent drugs for HCV
Harvoni Verkira Pak they are more specific and toxic to HCV than host cells inhibit proteinase,NS5A, and NS5B polymerase
37
Harvoni
first FDA approved drug for type 1 HCV oral moisture of sovaldi and ledipasvir -sofosbuvir inhibits RNA polymerase very expensive
38
Viekira pak
cocktail drug mixture of ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir and dasabuvir
39
most recent FDA approved mavyret
glecaprevir/pibrentasvir 8 weeks*** a national strategy for the elimination of hep B and C
40
most recent FDA approved vosevi
sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir -NS5B polymerase inhibitor, NS5A inhibitor, NS3/4A protease inhibitor
41
elbasvir and grazoprevir
NS5A inhibitor and protease inhibitor
42
glecapreveir and pibrentasvir
NS5/4A protease inhibitor and NS5A inhibitor
43
ledipasvir and sofosbuvir
NS5A inhibitor and nucleotide polymerase inhibitor
44
sofosbuvir and velpatasvir
nucleotide polymerase inhibitor & NS5A inhibitor
45
HAV and HBV an be protected with
vaccine and immunoglobulin
46
is there a vaccine for HCV
not yet
47
HCV infected subjects can be cured with
cocktail of anti HCV drugs
48
which Hepatitis virus can cause chronic liver infection and lead to cancer
HBV HCV

ID (27 decks)

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