Hepatobiliary disease Flashcards
What gene is associated with copper storage disease and in which breed?
COMMD1
Bedlington Terrier
Which breeds are predisposed to hepatic amyloidosis?
Abyssinian, Oriental, Siamese, Chinese Shar-Pei
What is the median age of presentation of animals with multiple acquired PSS?
3y
What breed is predisposed to progressive vacuolar hepatopathy? What other condition is it associated with?
Scottish Terriers
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What are the presenting signs of hepatocutaneous syndrome in dogs and cats?
Dogs - hyperkeratosis footpads, erythema/ulcerations of perioral, perianal, perivulval, preputial skin
Cats - ulceration/crusting of mucocutaneous junction, pinnae, periocular, interdigital areas, central abdomen (NOT FOOTPADS)
How is portal hypertension classified - give examples
Pre-hepatic - extra hepatic portal vein (atresia, fibrosis, thrombosis, neoplasia), arteriovenous fistulas
Intra-hepatic - pre sinusoidal, sinusoidal, post sinusoidal (chronic hepatitis with fibrosis)
Post-hepatic - post hepatic CVC/RA - R-CHF, pulmonary hypertension, Budd Chiari
How does peritoneal fluid differ between conditions causing ascites through PH?
Pre-hepatic/pre sinusoidal/sinusoidal - low protein content (<2.5g/dL)
Post hepatic, post sinusoidal, sinusoidal - high protein content (>2.5g/dL)
What is the mechanism of HE in cats with hepatic lipidosis?
Cat’s can’t synthesis arginine - depleted with fasting
Arginine necessary for completion of urea cycle
Which liver enzymes are leakage or inducible?
Leakage - ALT/AST
Inducible - ALP/GGT
What % of hepatic neoplasia have normal liver enzymes?
50%
What is the T1/2 of ALT in dogs/cats?
D - 48-60h
C - 6h
What is the T1/2 of AST in dogs/cats?
D - 22h
C - 77mins
Where is AST found?
Liver, muscle, RBCs
Where is ALT found?
Liver»_space;> muscle
What can cause AST > ALT
Muscle/RBC origin
Where in the cell are ALT/AST found?
ALT - cytosol
AST - 80% cytosol, 20% mitochondria
Where is ALP found (list in descending order)
Intestinal mucosa, renal cortex, placenta, liver, bone
What is the T1/2 of ALP in dogs and cats?
D - 70h
C - 6h
What is the sensitivity/specificity for of ALKP for liver disease in dogs/cats
D - 81/50%
C - 50/93%
What is the mechanism of ALKP elevation in hyperthyroid cats?
Bone isoenzyme
Where is GGT found (list in descending order)
Kidney, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, intestine, spleen, lungs, erythrocytes
In cats how to ALKP and GGT compare with a) hepatic lipidosis, b) necroinflammatory liver disease?
a) ALP > GGT
b) GGT > ALP
How much hepatic function must be lost for hypoglycaemia to occur?
75%
How much hepatic function must be lost for hypoalbuminaemia to occur?
70%