Hernias

Question 1

what is it

Answer 1

abnormal protrusion of viscous out of its normal body cavity

Question 2

characteristic of reducible hernia

Answer 2

do not reappear when pushed in

Question 3

characteristic of irreducible hernia

Answer 3

can strangulate / obstruct lumen

Question 4

what causes it

Answer 4

mainly increased intra-abdominal pressure by
pregnancy 
heavy lifting 
coughing 
constipation

Question 5

what are epigastric hernias

Answer 5

usually arise in children due to congenital malformation / weakness of linea albla

Question 6

what is prevalence of epigastric hernias

Answer 6

males 3 : 1 females

Question 7

what are femoral hernias

Answer 7

below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 8

what is prevalence of femoral hernias

Answer 8

females 10:1 males

Question 9

what is inguinal hernia

Answer 9

above and medial to pubic tubercle

most common hernia

Question 10

what is direct inguinal hernia

Answer 10

medial to inferior to epigastric vessels

more common in old men

Question 11

what is indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 11

lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
more common in younger men
can be caused by patent processus vaginalis (structure though which testes descend)