Herpes Viruses Flashcards
(26 cards)
Alpha-herpesviruses
Neurotropic, broad host range, highly lytic in cell culture
Beta-herpesviruses
Restricted host range, grow more slowly in culture, often display enlarged cytoplasm
Gamma-herpesviruses
Lymphotropic, oncogenic potential
HSV, VZV tropism
Epithelial cells
CMV tropism
Mononuclear cells, neutrophils
EBV tropism
B-lymphocytes
HHV-6, HHV-7 tropism
T-lymphocytes
HSV-1 - where does infection occur?
Mostly orolabial (cold sores, fever blisters)
HSV-2 - where does infection occur?
Genital
HSV-1 neurotropic
Encephalitis - inflammation of the active tissues of the brain
HSV-2 neurotropic
Meningitis - benign
HSV Diagnosis
PCR
HSV Treatment
Acyclovir, foscarnet (tricky drug to use - nephrotoxicity, must be given IV, reserved for resistance to acyclovir)
Why valacyclovir won’t cure genital herpes infection once and for all?
Valacyclovir does not eradicate episomal HSV-2 DNA
VZV Diagnosis
PCR
VZV Treatment
Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famiciclovir
What does reactivation of VZV cause?
Herpes zoster/shingles
Herpes Zoster symptoms
Prodrome
Local abnormal skin sensation
Erythematous maculopapular rash -> vesicles -> ulcerate, crust
Complications of zoster
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Postherpetic neuralgia - pain persist
EBV Diagnosis
Heterophile test, serology, PCR (usually not primary infection)
EBV-associated malignancies
Primary CNS lymphoma, PTLD, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What can EBV cause?
Oral hairy leukoplakia
What does CMV cause?
Infectious mononucleosis in immunocompetent host
CMV diagnosis
Histopathology, immunostaining, CMV quantitative PCR
