Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Flight Paramedic Certification > High Risk OB > Flashcards

High Risk OB Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Dilation?

A

Extent of cervical dilation from 1-10cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Effacement?

A

Percent of thickness of the cervix. Normally 2 cm thick and thins during labor. When thinned to 1 cm patient is 50% effaced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Lie?

A

Longitudinal orientation of fetus in relation to longitudinal orientation of mother.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Station?

A

Fetal head in relation to mother’s pubic bone and is expressed as - or + number in cm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Presentation?

A

What is attempting to emerge first? Cephalic, Breech, or Shoulder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are baseline Fetal Heart Tones?

A

120-160 /min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the single most important predictor of fetal well being?

A

1 cause of poor variability is fetal hypoxia

Variability (should be between 10-15 bpm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes poor variability?

A

Fetal hypoxia
Smoking
Sedatives/analgesics administered to mom Extreme prematurity
Fetal sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Accelerations?

A

Usually associated with fetal movement and CNS response to stimuli.
Usually good, Hypoxic fetus with metabolic acidosis cannot accelerate the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Early Decelerations

A

Typical vasal response to squeezing of the head caused by strong contractions.
Usually ok if occurring at same time as contractions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Late Decelerations

A

Indicate uteroplacental insufficiency causing fetus to experience a hypoxic bradycardia.
BAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Late Decelerations commonly associated with?

A

Pregnancy induced hypertension
Diabetes
Smoking
Late deliveries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Variable Decelerations

A

Cord compression commonly occurring during contractions.
Look for cord problems (prolapse, short, entanglement, nuchal).
Typically V or W shaped waveforms on monitor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Shouldering?

A

Deceleration followed by a short Acceleration to compensate.

Good thing!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sinusoidal variation

A

Typical of Fetal hypovolemia or anemia.

Caused by accidental tap of umbilical cord during amniocentesis, fetomaternal transfusion, or placental abruption.

Very Bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fetal Heart Rate Bradycardia

A

<120 for 5-10 minutes

Most common cause is hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fetal Heart Rate Tachycardia

A

> 160 for >10 minutes

Most common cause is maternal fever (sepsis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Factors contributing to fetal distress (6)

A

Hypertonic or tetanic contractions (Discontinue oxytocin)
Rule out cord prolapse
Assure fetal oxygenation (Give mom high flow O2)
Maternal hypotension (250-500 ml bolus)
Placental abruption (Trauma, bleeding)
Change positions (Left lateral recumbent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S/S of imminent delivery

A 
Vaginal bleeding
Contractions less than Q10
Increasing intensity of contractions
Urge to push
Crowning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Preterm Labor Tocolytics

A 
Terbutaline (0.25 mg SQ Q15)
Magnesium Sulfate (4-6G bolus over 15 min, 2 G/hr drip)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

S/S of Magnesium Toxicity and treatment

A

Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Decreased BP
Decreased LOC
Respiratory depression

Give calcium chloride, push fluids to cause diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Every woman of child bearing age with acute abdominal complaints is an ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise.
Cross match blood, Give Rhogam if mom is RH-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who is most at risk for Pregnancy induced hypertension?

A

African American Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs of pre-eclampsia

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
HELLP syndrome
Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelet count
26
Eclampsia Treatment
Give Diazepam PRN for seizure activity with MgSo4 (Magnesium Sulfate)
27
What causes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in pregnancy?
50% of women under 40 with AAA are pregnant. Gravid uterus increases pressure on distal aorta and femoral arteries.
28
Trauma in Pregnancy
Maximize fetal viability in trauma by aggressive treatment of mom. Can lose 30-35% of blood volume before hypovolemia presents. Seatbelt placement causes abruptio placenta.
29
What is Placenta Previa?
Placenta attached over cervical opening. Often presents with painless bright red vaginal bleeding.
30
Common causes of Placenta Previa?
Uterine scarring Multiparity with short intervals Post D/C
31
Treatment of Placenta Previa
High flow O2, IV fluids Consider tocolytics and blood products Assess contractions, fetal movement, fetal heart tones, and hemorrhage.
32
What is Placenta Abruptio?
Tearing of uterine wall and placenta vasculature
33
S/S of Placenta Abruptio
"Ripping or tearing pain" with Dark blood or no evidence of blood loss. Can cause exsanguination and Placental insufficiency. Blood irritates uterus and will cause contractions.
34
Treatment of Placenta Abruptio
High flow O2, IV fluids Consider tocolytics and blood products Assess contractions, fetal movement, FHT Watch for DIC.
35
Uterine rupture treatment
Serial fundal height measurements, rapid transfer, oxytocin 20-40 units in 1000ml @ 125hr.
36
What is a Nuchal cord?
Cord is wrapped around neck. Causes Variable Decelerations.
37
Treatment of Nuchal cord
Focus on relieving cord tension before next contraction. Try to gently loosen and draw down over head, clamp and cut before shoulders are delivered if it is too tight to remove.
38
Treatment of cord prolapse
Elevate presenting part off the cord with a hand in the vagina to prevent cord compression. Place patient in knee to chest position. Consider tocolytics to reduce pressure on the cord during contractions.
39
Breech presentation
True breech=butt first Footling breech = foot first (do not attempt to deliver) Fetus should not be touched until the umbilicus has spontaneously delivered.
40
Treatment of Breech presentation
Mauriceau's maneuver. Insert fingers into vagina to create airway for baby, after shoulders have been delivered, rotate baby's trunk so that the back is anterior and apply gentle downward traction while another provider applies suprapubic pressure.
41
When to suction meconium
Suction mouth, posterior pharynx and nose after delivery of head but before shoulders. If baby is not vigorous, suction mouth and trachea with ETT.
42
Define vigorous neonate
Strong respiratory efforts, Good muscle tone Heart rate greater than 100. Normal first APGAR is 8-9.
43
What does APGAR stand for?
``` Activity (active) Pulse (>100) Grimace (response to stimuli) Appearance (pink) Respirations (vigorous cry) ```
44
Post-partum hemorrhage treatment
Vigorous fundal massage Rapid infusion of Oxytocin 20-40u /1000 ml Methergine 0.2mg IM Bimanual uterine compression
45
Uterine inversion treatment
Manual replacement is the uterus has not yet contracted down and cervix has not constricted. Do not remove placenta.
46
3 ways to confirm preterm rupture of amniotic membranes
Positive nitrazine testing of fluid Pooling of fluid in vaginal vault Positive ferning on microscopic slide
47
During pregnancy, maternal cardiac output increases by ___.
2 L/min
48
During pregnancy, maternal plasma volume increases by ___.
40%
49
Placenta has a very high concentration of ____.
Tissue thromboplastin
50
Why do pregnant females have difficulty breathing?
Functional residual capacity is decreased by 20% Increased blood volume causes capillary engorgement causing airway swelling
51
Initial treatment of preterm rupture of amniotic membranes
IV fluids | Left lateral decubitus position
52
Contraindications of Terbutaline
``` Maternal pulse greater than 120 Insulin-dependent diabetes Chronic hypertension Active hemorrhage Chorioamnionitis (intra-amniotic infection) ```
53
What maneuver may be used to help deliver an infant with shoulder dystocia?
McRobert's maneuver. Knees to chest with gentle downward traction.
54
Complications associated with breech presentation (6)
``` Cord prolapse Cord entanglement Cord compression Head entrapment Fetal birth trauma Birth asphyxia ```
55
Emergency C-Section indications
``` Multiple decelerations with poor rate / variability Sustained Bradycardia (<120 BPM for >10 minutes) Sinusoidal waveform ```
56
What is the most common cause of preterm labor?
Hypovolemia
57
Anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy
Caused by maternal exposure to fetal cells. | DIC and Anaphylaxis at the same time
58
Treatment of Anaphylactoid syndrome
Fluid resuscitation Increase PEEP FFP, Platelets, Cryo
59
#1 cause of maternal death
Trauma
60
#1 cause of fetal death
Maternal death
61
"Stomach as hard as a board" | "Fetal parts presenting under the mother's skin"
Uterine rupture!
62
True or false: If a mother is Rh negative, Always give Rhogam
True
63
When to give Rhogam
28 weeks gestation After delivery After any trauma / bleeding / potential bleeding
64
Common cause of newborn seizures
Hypoglycemia
65
Gestational diabetic mothers are more likely to give birth to children with ____.
Hypoglycemia

Flight Paramedic Certification (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions