Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Flight Paramedic Certification > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When does the Anterior Fontanelle close?

A

12-18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the Posterior Fontanelle close?

A

2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomic specifics

A

Bones of the skull are softer and separated by cartilage until age 5.

Blunt force trauma and broken bones indicate significant MOI and potential of bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Children will not demonstrate hypotension until acute blood loss totals?

A

25% of circulating volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What influences heat loss?

A

Larger ratio of body surface area to volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pediatric assessment triangle

A

Appearance
work of Breathing
Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Respiratory/Airway differences?

A

Larger tongue
<10 years, narrowest portion of airway is cricoid
O2 consumption in infants is double of an adult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ETT sizing formula over 1 year

A

(Age + 16) / 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ETT sizing norms <1 year

A

Premature Neonate = 2.5-3.0
Term Neonate = 3.0-3.5
3 mo - 1 year = 3.5-4.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Estimated Blood Volume (EBV)

A

Premature Neonate = 90-100 ml/kg
Term Neonate = 80-90 ml/kg
3 mo - 1 year = 70-80 ml/kg
>1 year = 70 ml/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Maximum Allowable Blood Loss (MABL)

A

EBV x (current Hct - minimum acceptable Hct) / Current Hct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Emergency Fluid Resuscitation

A

Infant / neonate = 10 ml/kg
Child = 20 ml/kg

3:1 ratio of crystalloids to blood. Use blood early in trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iv Maintenance Infusion Rates

A

4 ml/kg for 1st 10kg
2 ml/kg for 11th -20th kg
1 ml/kg for every kg >20

(Example: 25kg =65 ml/hr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypoglycemia in pediatrics

A 
Neonates = <40 mg/dl 
Child = <60 mg/dl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypoglycemia treatment

A

1-2 mg/kg
Neonates use D10
Child use D25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to make D10 and D25

A 
D25% = Discard 25ml of D50, replace with 25ml of NS
D10% = Discard 40 ml of D50, replace with 40ml of NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cardioversion Joules?

A

0.5-1.0 J/kg (on sync)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Defibrillation Joules?

A

2 J/kg, then 4 J/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Resuscitation drug doses?

Adenosine, Atropine, Epi 1:10, Epi 1:10

A

Adenosine = 0.1-0.2 mg/kg
Atropine = 0.02 mg/kg (min 0.1, max 0.5)
Epi 1:10 = 0.01mg/kg
Epi 1:1 = 0.1 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1 cause of pediatric traumatic deaths?

A

Motor vehicle accidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Child abuse injuries

A

Most common injuries are skin
Most common fatal injuries are head
Skeletal injuries best to determine long term abuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Bone broken into fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Compound Fracture

A

Bone is broken and piercing skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Compressed Fracture

A

One bone is forced against the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Displaced Fracture
End of bones are not aligned
26
Greenstick Fracture
Periosteum divided on only one side
27
Pathological Fracture
Occurs because of bone deficit
28
Simple Fracture
Straight and in good alignment
29
Spiral Fracture
Results from twisting motion
30
Isolette use
<10 lbs or 30 days Thermoregulation issues Sound / light /stimulus discipline Stay out of it!
31
Status changes with temperature
Hot = fussy, tachycardic. Cold = Bradycardic, hypotension, obtunded.
32
Define and Treat Diaphragmatic Hernia
Bowels causing lung compression Intubation / PPV for resp distress. OG tube with suction NPO
33
Define and Treat Choanal Atresia
Bony structure occluding nasopharyngeal airway. Oral airway access using OPA or ETT if needed.
34
Treatment of Aspiration Pneumonia
If brisk, monitor only. If lethargic, intubate ET suctioning acceptable but discouraged unless necessary. Consider risk of Tracheal-Esophageal fistula.
35
What is the most common Congenital Heart Defect?
Ventricular Septal Defect
36
What drug maintains patency of the PDA?
Prostaglandin
37
What drug closes the PDA?
Oxygen and Indomethacin
38
What is the PDA?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus : Vessel connecting the Pulmonary Artery to Aorta. Functionally closes at birth, anatomically at 21 days.
39
What are Cyanotic lesions?
Any condition with mixing of unoxygenated and oxygenated blood. Commonly causing a cyanotic appearance.
40
What are Acyanotic lesions?
Blood returning to the right atrium has passed through the lungs like normal.
41
Types of Acyanotic lesions
``` Atrial Septal Defect Ventricular Septal Defect Atrial / Ventricular Septal Defect Aortic Stenosis Pulmonary Stenosis ```
42
Types of Cyanotic lesions
``` Transposition of Great Vessels Tetralogy of Fallot Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Truncus Arteriosus Tricuspid Atresia Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ```
43
Endotracheal tube suctioning guidelines
Suction 0.5-1cm past ETT depth 80-100 mmHg of pressure Hyperoxygenate to prevent desaturation Use new tube each time
44
10, 11, 12 rule
Uncuffed tube under 10 Needle cricothyrotomy only under 11 No nasal intubation under 12
45
Rule of 9's for pediatrics
``` Arm- 9% Head and neck- 18% Leg- 14% Anterior trunk - 18% Posterior trunk - 18% ```
46
Most common predictor of sepsis in a neonate
Neutropenia
47
Most common side effect of prostaglandin therapy
Hypoventilation or apnea
48
Treatment of esophageal atresia
Elevate head of bed | NG/OG
49
Common sign of neonate distress
Hiccoughing
50
In transporting an infant with neural defects, which position is optimal?
Prone-kneeling position
51
In which position should an infant with gastrointestinal anomalies be transported?
Side laying with head slightly elevated
52
Prostaglandin dose
0.03 - 0.1 mcg/kg/min
53
Why do children under 10 require uncuffed ETT?
Their cricoid cartilage acts as a functional cuff | Cuffs add increased pressure on soft tissues
54
Top 3 killers of neonates in the first 24 hours
1. Sepsis 2. Respiratory complications 3. Cardiac problems
55
Neonatal sepsis
Occurs in utero often due to Premature Rupture Of Membranes (PROM) Most commonly caused by Group B Strep
56
S/S of infant seizures
Lip smacking Tounge thrusting Eye fluttering Lowered O2 sats
57
Common causes of infant seizures
Hypoglycemia Opiod withdrawal Interventricular hemorrhage (preterm infant bleeding inside brain)
58
What causes febrile seizures?
RATE of temperature increase (not overall temp)
59
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Surfactant deficiency #1 killer of premature infants
60
Surfactant ____ surface tension in the alveoli
Reduces
61
Omphalocele
Protrusion of viscera (arrest development of the abdominal wall) Worse than Gastroschesis Treat like an abdominal evisceration
62
Treatment of Omphalocele
Treat like abdominal evisceration: Maintain body temp Cover with moist, sterile dressings Keep NPO Will require surgical repair
63
Gastroschesis
Defect with completed development of internal organs. Abdominal contents are coming out of the body on one side of the umbilical cord
64
Treatment of Gastroschesis
Treat like an abdominal evisceration: Maintain normal body temp Cover with moist, sterile dressings Keep NPO Will require surgical repair
65
Presentation of Ventriculoperitoneal shunt occlusion
``` Gastric distention Mental status change Decrease LOC Vomiting Seizures ```
66
Treatment of VP shunt
Give Mannitol | Raise head of bed 30*
67
S/S of shaken baby syndrome
Bulging fontanelles Increased ICP Retinal hemorrhages
68
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary Stenosis Aortic Coarctation Transposition of Great Vessels Ventricular Septal Defect
69
An umbilical cord normally has 2 ____ and 1 ____.
Arteries | Vein (the big vessel on the umbilical cord)
70
Presentation of Tet spells
Sudden cyanosis and syncope
71
Treatment of Tet spells
Knees to chest Morphine (decrease workload and calming effects) If unsuccessful, then RSI with 100% O2
72
Normal pediatric systolic BP
90 + (2×Age)
73
Hypotensive systolic BP
70 + (2xAge)
74
Presentation of Croup (Swelling around vocal cords)
Gradual onset with URI, no drooling Seal like barking cough Steeple sign on neck x-ray
75
Treatment of Croup
Racemic Epinephrine | Decadron
76
Presentation of Epiglottitis (swelling of the epiglottis)
Sudden onset , drooling Tripod position Thumb sign on neck x-ray Do not disturb child due to rapid airway loss!
77
Treatment of Epiglottitis
Keep child calm Antibiotics Humidified O2
78
Waddel's Triad (child hit by car)
Car hits them They hit the car They hit the ground

Flight Paramedic Certification (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions