high yield Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
H influ pne associated with
A
COPD
2
Q
Staph Aureus pne associated with
A
post viral
3
Q
tx for CAP
A
3rd gen cephlasporin + macrolide
OR
moxifloxin
4
Q
tx for HAP
A
Pip/Tazo + Vanc
5
Q
tx for lung absecess
A
3rd gen cehp + clinda
6
Q
tx for PCP, TB or fungal PNE
A
Bactrim
+/- steroids
7
Q
worst risk factor for CAD
A
DM
8
Q
MONA BASHC
A
tx for CAD
Morphine, O2, Nitro, ASA, BB, ACE-i, statin, heparin, clopidogrel
9
Q
ACE-i benifits in CAD
A
- stops remodeling
2. reduces afterload
10
Q
drug that reduces mortality MOST in CAD
A
ACE-i
11
Q
tx of CAD long-term
A
- BB &ACE-i
- Dual anti-platlet therapy: ASA (81mg) + Clopidogrel (75mg)
- statin- atorvastatin, rosuvatatin
12
Q
when in tPA used in CAD
A
when transport time is >60 min away for PCI (per cutaneous cath intervention_
13
Q
how much time does a hospital have to stent STEMI
A
door–>90 min balloon inflation
14
Q
pt has increase ACE-i
A
sarcoidosis
15
Q
normal ejection fraction of heart
A
55%
16
Q
diuretics used for CHF
A
hydralazine OR spironolactone
17
Q
EF <35%, HF NOT class VI tx
A
AICD
18
Q
tx of CHF
A
ACEi + BB
19
Q
tx CHF exacerbation
A
LMNOP L-lasix (forosemide) M-morphine N-nitrates O- O2 P-position
20
Q
murmur grade
A
1: S1, S2 > murmur
2: S1, S2= murmur
3: S1, S2 < murmur
4: palpable thrill
5: hear murmur w/ stethscope half of chest
6: hear murmur w/o stethoscope
21
Q
1st step after hearing mumur
A
echo
22
Q
rheumatic heart disease is associated w/ which mumur
A
mitral stenosis
23
Q
younger pt with
afib (atrial stretch)
CHF
A
rheumatic heart dz
mitral stenosis
24
Q
mitral stenosis murmur location & time
A
diastolic
Apex
25
rumbling diastolic murmur w/ an opening snap
mitral stenosis
26
tx for mitral stenosis
balloon valvuloplasty
| ** different from other murmurs b/c vegitations
27
what causes valve insufficiency
infection or infarction
28
major complication of aortic valve insufficiency
aortic dissection
29
aortic insufficiency murmur
| location & time
diastole
blowing
decresendo
L upper sternal border
30
tx of aortic insufficiency
replacement
31
Aortic Stenosis causes
Calcium buildup OR bicuspid valve
32
old man with CP, CHF syncope + systolic cresendo decresendo murmur at base
aortic stenosis
33
aortic stenosis
| location & time
systolic
R upper sternal border
cresendo-decresendo
radiates to cartoid artery
34
mitral insufficiency
| tx
replacement
35
mumur that radiates to carotid artery
aortic stenosis
36
mumur that has bounding pulses and increased pulse pressure due to increased stroke volume
aortic insufficiency
37
signs associated w/ wide pule pressure in chronic aortic regurg
water hammer pulse: radial pulse upstroke
corrigan's pulse: carotid upstroke
hill's sign: popliteal atery pressure > brachial artery by >60 ***MOST sensitive**
de mussets: head bobbing
qunickes: fingernail bed pulse
38
mitral facies
ruddy (flushed cheeks w/ facial palor
39
MC cause of mitral regurg
MVP- US
| rheumatic fever- developing
40
marfan syndrome is related to which mumur
mitral regurg
41
blowing hollosystolic mumur best heard at apex
mitral regurg
42
murmur radiates to axilla
mitral regurg
43
left lateral decubits increases this murmur
mitral stenosis
44
MC systemic vasculitis
Giant Cell Arteritis
45
Valsalva increase or decrease blood flow
decrease
46
HCOM tx
avoid dehydration
| BB
47
MVP tx
avoid dehydration
| BB
48
moves that increase venous return
supine
leg lift
squat
49
moves that decrease venous return
Valsalva
| standing
50
inspiration increases sound of which mumurs
right sided
51
diastolic murmurs
AR MS rest
52
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
1. ETOH
2. virus
3. ischemia
53
causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
1. sarcoidosis- pulm dz
2. amyloid- neuropathy
3. hemachomatosis- cirrhosis or DM bronze dz
54
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy dx AFTER echo
1. sacoidosis=
2. amyloidsis
3. hemachromatosis=
1. sacoidosis= cardia MRI, endo cardio biopsy
2. amyloidsis= fat pad biopsy/gingiva
3. hemachromatosis= elevated ferritin + genetic test
55
electrical alternans
pericardial effusion
56
pericarditis
1st test
best test
1st test: ECG
| best: MRI
57
pericarditis tx
NSAIDS + colchicine
58
when can NSAIDs not be used
1. CKD
2. PUD
3. low platelets
59
tx for uremic pericarditis
dialysis
60
MC cause of pericarditis
1. VIRAL
| 2, uremia
61
pericardial effusion
| -cause
pericarditis
62
pericardial effusion
| dx
echo
63
pericardial effusion
| tx
pericardial window
64
Becks triad
pericardial tamponade
1. decreased heart sound
2. JVD
3. hypotension
65
pericardial knock
constrictive pericarditis
66
constrictive pericarditis
| tx
pericardectomy
67
MAP
COx SVR
CO= HR X SV
SV= contractility & preload
68
S1
| S2
```
S1= tri & bicuspid valves
S2= aortic & pulmonic
```
69
vasovagal causes
1. stimulate visceral organs
2. carotid bodies
3. psych
70
vasovagal
| tx
BB
71
+ orthostatics
systolic 20
diastolic 10
HR 15
72
cardiac causes of syncope
1. valve-- AS-old person over exert OR HOCM -young athlete
| 2. arrhythmia (no prodrome)
73
base line labs before starting statins
1. lipids (yearly)
2. A1C 1x (unless DM)
3. CK --> rhabdo (sxs)
4. LFT--> hepatitis (sxs)
74
Niacin
| -bad effect
flushing
| --> tx w/ ASA
75
ezetimibe
decrease LDL
| **causes diarrhea**
76
fibrates
decrease Trigs
| increase HDL
77
hypertension classes
normal <120/ <80 (lifestyle)
elevated >120/>80 (lifestyle)
stage I <130/ <90 (1 MED)
stage II >140/>90 (2 MEDS)
78
HTN tx
| comorbid: HF or CAD
ACEi and BB
| BB= metropolol, carvadilol
79
HTN tx
| comorbid: stroke
ACEi & thiazide
80
HTN tx
| comorbid: CKD
ACEi
| EXCEPT STAGE 4
81
HTN tx
| comorbid: DM
ACEi
82
ONLY HTN tx
choose one:
| ACEi, CCB (dihydropyridine), thiazide
83
dCCB
S/E
notes
"dipines"
S/E: peripheral edema
notes: anti-anginal (CAD)
NOT useful in HFrEF
84
ACEi & ARB
| S/E
S/E: increase Cr & K (work collecting duct via aldosterone)
| ACEi only: angioedema, dry cough
85
thiazides
S/E
Note:
distal collecting duct
decreased K & urinary Ca
Note: help with kidney stone from decrease urinary Ca
86
BB
| S/E
Hypotension
87
```
Aldosterone antagonists
spironolactone
epleronone
S/E
notes
```
hyperkalemia
only spiro: gynecomastia
notes: hyperladosterone or CHF
88
hydralazine
| S/E
dilator
reflex tachy
drug induced Lupus
89
alpha- antagonist
| S/E
Doxazosin, Prazosin
othrostatic hypo
for BPH
90
clonidine
| S/E
rebound HTN
91
non dyhydropyridine CCB
RATE CONTROL in afib
| diltiazam & verapamil
92
HTN urgency
>220/120
