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PANCE > high yield #3 > Flashcards

high yield #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

cushings triad

A

increased ICP

  1. HTN
  2. Bradycardia
  3. decreased resp
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2
Q

difference b/w orbital cellultitis and preseptal cellulitis

A

orbital cellulititis= pain/diplopia w/ EOM, ophthalmoplegia, and proptosis

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3
Q

gradual central vison loss

A

macular degeneration

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4
Q

straight lines appear wavy on Amsler grid

A

macular degeneration

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5
Q

hordeolum

A

stye
infection of meibomian gland
painful

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6
Q

chalazion

A

obstructionof meibomian gland

painless

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7
Q

orbital blowout fracture tx

A
  1. nasal decongestants - DONT sneeze
  2. Abx- amp-sulbactam OR clida
  3. surg
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8
Q

leukocoria

A

abnormal WHITE reflex instead of normal RED

retinoblastoma

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9
Q

retinoblastoma tx

A

radiation & chemo

FATAL if untreated

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10
Q

MC cause of permanent legal blindness & vision loss in older adults

A

macular degeneration

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11
Q

metamorphospsia

A

striaght lines appear bent

-macular degeneration

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12
Q

macular degeneration

-what slows progression

A

Vit C, E & Zinc

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13
Q

macular degeneration

-tx

A

Intraviteral VEGF inhibitor

-Bevacizumab

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14
Q

drusen

A

yellow- white build up on outer retina

-macular degeneration

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15
Q

diabetic retinopathy

classic signs

A

nonproliferative

  1. microaneurysms
  2. cotton wool spots
  3. dot blot hemorrage
  4. flame hemorrage
  5. hard exudates- circinate

NEOVASCULARIZATION- new blood vessels - proliferative

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16
Q

diabetic retintopathy
w/ neovascularization
tx

A

VEGF inhibitor

-Bevacizumab

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17
Q

signs of hypertenisve retinopathy

A

AV nicking

-blurring of optic disc (papilledema)

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18
Q

risk factor for retinal detatchment

A

myopia (near sighted)

hx cataract surgery

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19
Q 
flashing lights (photopsia) followed by floaters
followed by unilateral peripheral vision loss "curtains coming down" followed by central vision loss
A

retinal detachment

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20
Q

retinal detachment what is seen on fundoscopy

A

Shafer’s sign

-clumping of brown colored pigment vitreous cells resembling tobacco dust in vitreous humor

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21
Q

retinal detachment

tx

A

lay pt supine, turn head TOWARD side of injury

  • do NOT use mitotic drops
  • surg, lazer, cryotherapy
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22
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis

causes

Study These Flashcards
A

CGC
Day1- chemical conjunctivitis from sliver nitrate= artificial tears
Day 2-5: gonococcal -ceftriaxone
Day 5-7: Chlamydia trach - oral erythromycin

23
Q

prophylaxis for neonatal conjunctivitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Erythromycin - for Gonorrhea

** NOT effective for chlamydia

24
Q

when do you remove a rust ring from eye

Study These Flashcards
A

24 hours w/ rotating burr by opthalmolgist

25
viral conjunctivitis on slit lamp
punctate staining
26
chemosis
conjunctival edema | -allergic conjunctivitis
27
allergic conjunctivitis | tx
H1 blocker -antihistamine | - Olopatadine
28
occular chemical burns burns
1. acidic- lcoagulative necrosis ( H+ form protein barrier | 2. alkalotic= *WORSE*- liquefactive necrosis
29
strabismus
misalignment of one or both eyes - not permanent until 2-3 mo - .4-6 mo= referal needed
30
painful loss of vision, color change, blind spots (central scotoma)
optic neuritis- MS
31
marcus gunn pupil
MS RAPD Relative affrent pupillary defect Rays in affected pupil dilate
32
Argyll roberston pupil
neurosyphilis | -eyes contract for accomodation but not to light
33
halos around lights and peripheral vision loss | severe unilateral eye pain
acute angle glaucoma
34
acute angle glacoma tx
BB: timilol Alpha 2 agonist: apraclonidine mitotics: pilocarpine Definitive: iridotomy
35
slowly progressive unilateral peripheral tunnel vision | painless
chronic angle glaucoma
36
chronic angle glaucoma | tx
prostaglandins | -Lanoprost
37
acute painless monocular vision loss with cherry red macula
central retinal artery occlusion
38
acute painless monocular vision loss with extensive retinal hemorrages "blood and thunder appearance"
central retinal vein occlusion
39
Rabies exposure prophylaxis
immunocompetent: Rabies vaccine day 0,3,7,14 + immune globin immunocompromised: rabies vaccine day 0,3,7,14, 28 + RIG
40
rabies exposure prophylaxis with previous exoposure and prophylaxis
immunocompetent: Rabies vaccine day 0,3 | NO RIG
41
CENTOR criteria for strep
2-3 + to test 1. absent cough +1 2. lymphadenopathy anterior +1 3. Temp >38 +1 4. tonsilar exudate or swelling +1 5. age <15 +1 6. age >45 = - point
42
structure in ear contains auditory sensory receptors
cochlea
43
in patients with sickle cell dz, this virus can cause aplastic crisis
Parvovirus B19
44
abnormal heavy uterine bleeding 1st line
OCP
45
simple febrile seizure
6mo- 5 years 1 seizure <15 mins no meds required
46
complex febrile seizure w/out concerning symptoms
6mo- 5 years 2-3 seizures in last 24 hour <15 mins no meds required
47
complex febrile seizure w/ concerning symptoms
``` 6mo-5y 4+ seizure in 24 hours >15 or >5 + benzo focal features MEDS required = diazepam ```
48
MC associated with acute mastoiditis
osteitis | -destruction of mastoid bone trabeculae
49
1st line prophylaxis for migrains
propranolol
50
what substance increases in post-natal period to close the PDA
bradykinin
51
PCOS labs
increased testosterone LH:FSH 3:1 LH increases testosterone FSH decrease leads to cystic ovaries
52
clomiphene
used to treat infertility | estrogen receptor modulator for anovulatory women
53
metformin for infertility
improves menstrual frequency

PANCE (5 decks)

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