High yield Flashcards by Connor Schmidt

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Melanotic Macules
* hyperpigment macular lesions (Freckles)
* Lips & Mouth

Intestinal polyps

Increased risk of GI Adenocarcinoma

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Behcet’s Syndrome

Multisystem vasculitis:
* Oral and genital Aphthous ulcers
* Eye inflammation

Tx: Corticosteroids

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Cleft Lip

4-6 weeks in utero

No fusion b/w medial nasal process and maxillary process anteriorly

Usually Left, Unilteral

More common in Males

Tx: Surgically repaired at 3-6 months old

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Cleft Palate

Females
6-8 weeks in utero

No fusion b/w palatal shelves

Primary Palate: carries lateral incisor to lateral incisor. Why lateral incisors are missing

Complete CP: No fusion of Both Primary & Secondary palates

Surgical Repair: 6-12 months old

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Lip Pits

Invagination at commissures or midline

Commisural Lip Pits: at corner of mouth

Paramedian Lip Pits: Bilateral midline lips

Tx; None
* or Excised for cosmetics

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Van der Woude Syndrome

Most common genetic syndrome associated w/Cleft Lip & Palate

Cleft (Lip, palate, or both) + (Paramedial) Lip Pits

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Lingual Thyroid

Thyroid TIssue mass at midline base of tongue

most common location of ectopic thyroid

located along embryonic path of thyroid descent

Tx: None:
* avoid biopsy

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Melkerson-Rosenthal Syndrome

=Fissured Tongue + Granulomatous Cheilitis + Facial Paralysis

Think of it as MELS BELLS
* Bells Palsy=another type of facial paralysis w/facial nerve

Rosy Red
* red affecting lips-cheilitis

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Sturge-Weber Syndrome

=Angiomas of leptomeninges (Arachnoid & pia Mater) + Skin w/CN V distribution

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Neurofibromatosis type I

Aka Von Recklinghausens Disease (Von FRECKLINGhuasen Disease)

=Multiple Neurofibromas

+ Multiple skin freckles (Cafe au lait spots)

+ Axillary Freckles (Crowe’s sign)

+ Iris freckles (Lisch spots/nodules)

neurofibromas can transform to neurofibrosarcomas

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Sjogren’s Syndrome

Autoimmune & lymphocyte mediated
* Affects salivary & tear glands

Types:
Primary:
* Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Dry eyes)
* + Xereostomia

Seconary:
* Primary + another autoimmune disease (Rheumatoid arthritis)

Tx: Symptomatic

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Gorlin Syndrome

=Multiple KCOTs (Keratocystic odontogenic tumor)

+ Multiple BCCs (Basal Cell Carcinomas)

+ Calcified Falx Cerebri

+ Fatal Disease

Aka Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma

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Gardner Syndrome

=Multiple Odontomas
+ Intestinal Polyps

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Cherubism

Autosomal Dominant
* Bone replaced with cystic tissue during growth
* begins at 3 y.o.
* after puberty=Reverse–>Bone fill cystic tissue

Cheeks Enlarge
Symmetrical Bilateral Swelling

Radiographically:
* expansile bilateral multilocular RL on ramus
* (histologically identical to CGCG)

Stops growing after puberty

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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)

AkA Olser-Weber-Rendu Syndrome

Abnormal Capillary Formation on skin, mucosa, and viscera

associated with:
* iron deficiency anemia
* Espistaxis (Nose bleeds)=frequent sign

Telangiectasia=red macule or papule from diluted or broken capillaries

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Cleidocranial Dysplasia

Autosomal Dominant
* Affects differentiation of osteoblasts

Common Sign:
* Missing/poorly developed clavicles–shoulders appear hunched in towards midline
* Supernumery teeth
* prominent skull with wormian bones

Tx: Alot of Extractoins & Dentures

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Ectodermal Dysplasia

X-Linked Recessive

Common Signs:
* Missing Teeth
* Multiple sharp pointed teeth
* Hypoplastic hair or nails

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Intrinsic alteration of the ENAMEL
* Normal Dentin and Pulp

Teeth can be:
* discolored (yellow/brown)
* pitted
* thin

Type 1: Hypoplastic
*. Affects quantity of enamel

Type 2: Hypomaturation
* affects quality and quantity of enamel

Type 3: Hypocalcified
* affects quality of enamel

Tx: Full coverage crowns for cosmetics

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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Autosomal Dominant

Intrinsic alteration of DENTIN in primary & permanent teeth
* SHOrt roots, bell shaped crowns, & obliterated pulps
* Bulbous crowns in radiographs (Bc constricted DEJ)
* Blue sclera

Tx: Full Coverage crowns

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Regional Odontodysplasia

Quadrant of teeth exhibiting:
* short roots
* open apices
* enlarged pulp chambers

Radiographic:
* Ghost teeth: pulps are so huge they make the teeth look almost completely RL

Tx: Ext affected teeth

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Dentin Dysplasia

Intrinsic alteration of dentin in permanent & primary teeth

Autosomal Dominant

2 types:
* Type 1: Chevron Pulp w/short roots
* Type 2: Thistle shaped Pulp w/normal roots; Primary teeth=blue or amber color

Tx: Not good candidates for restorations

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Abnormally collagen or too little collagen
* Blue sclear & Brittle bones

Do not affect teeth
* but combined w/dentiogensis imperfecta=affect teeth

Dentin Dysplasia

Autosomal dominant
* abnormal dental and pulp morphology

Type 1(radicular): Chevron pulp, minimal root development

Type 2: (Coronal): Thistle tube shaped pulps, normal root
* primary teeth= bluee/amber discoloration

Tx: Endo to keep primary teeth

Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21
Midface deficiency (maxillary hypoplasia)
* eyes slant up
* No increased risk of caries
* Increased risk of perio

Pierre-Robin Sequence

Micrognathia: Small mandible Glossoptosis (Tongue displaced posteriorly) Difficulty breathing & Feeding (Airway Obsttruction)

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Underdeveloped mandible Down slanted palpebral fissures (Eyes) Microtia (small ears)

DiGeorge Syndrome

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches CATCH22 Congenital Heart Defects (Tetralogy of Fallot) Abnormal facies (Small mandible, hypertelorism-eyes far apart, Short philtrum, long face, small teth, broad nose) Thymic hypoplasia Cleft Palate Hypoparathyroidism 22 Deletion (Chromosome 22)

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Due to maternal alcohol ingestion while pregnant Smooth Philtrum Thin Upper Lip HYpoplastic maxilla Short neck ptosis of eyelids

Apert Syndrome

Craniosynostosis (early closure of cranial sutures) Acrocephalic (Tall Skull) Byzantine Arch (High & Narrow palate) Syndactyly (Fused fingers and toes) **Intellectual disabilities** (Crouzon syndrome does not)

Crouzon Syndrome

Craniosynostosis (Early closure of skull sutures) Brachycephaly (Short skull) Midface Deficiency Frontal Bossing (prominent forehead) Hypertelorism (eyes wide apart) Proptosis/exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes)

Von Willebrand Disease

Defective or decreased levels of **Won-Villebrand Factor** & **Factor VIII** Excessve bruising, nosebleeds **Type 3**: most severe form Tx: **Desmopressin**

McCune Albright Syndrome

Polystotic (more than 1 bone) Fibrous Dysplasia (Ground glass appearance) Cutaneous cafe-au-lait spots Endocrine abnormalitie=early onset of puberty

Patau Syndrome

Extra fingers and toes

Edwards Syndrome

Club Feet (Rocker bottom)

Hemifacial Microsomia

Poor Vascularizatino of 1st & 2nd pharngeal arch Deficient Ear & Mandibular ramus on affedted side

Turner Syndrome

Females XO Karyotype (1 X chromosome missing) Bicsupid aortic valve **webbed neck**

Sickle Cell Anemia

Autosomal Recessive * Moon Shaped RBC * Blaack americans Hair on skull=chronic hemolysis Interproximal Bone:: **Step laddeer pattern**

Papillon Lefevre Syndrome

Autosomal Recessive **Palmoplant hyperkeratosis** Aggressive inflammation of periodontium Extremely early loss of primary & permanent teeth * All teeth loss by 16 y.o.

Cystic Fibrosis

Autosomal Recessive CFTR gene mutation * Chloride transport Mucous in lungs

Thalassemia

Reduces hemoglobin production * results in anemia Alpha Thalassemia major: * Death Beta Thalassemia Major *enlarge spleen & Liver

Behcet's Disease

Chronic: * ocular inflammation * oral Ulcers (Soft palate oropharynx)-related to aphthous uclers; painful * Genital ulcers Tx: tetracyclines

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Vascular malformation along Trigeminal Nerve Red/purple lesions on one side of face=**Port wine stains** **Lymphangiomas**

Melkersson Rosenthal Syndrome

Fissured tongue Facial Paralysis + Granulomatous cheilitis MELLS Bells & Rosy Red * Mells=Bells palsy==Facial Paralysis * Rosy Red= Red lip

Hemophilia A

Factor 8 Def * only local infiltration * Autosomal x-linked recessive (males) * Hematoma following IAN

Hemophilia B

Factor 9 Def

Hemophilia C

Factor 11 Def

Vit K Deficiency

Factors 2, 7, 9, 10 Def * made in liver * require K for synthesis

Warfarin: Pt Considerations

Avoid: * Steroids * NSAIDs * Metronidazole * Erythromycin * Herbal supplements * barbituates Local Hemostatic Measures * Compressive packing * extra sutures * topical thrombin * 4.8x tralexamic acid mouthw ash INR 2-3: do any dental tx INR: 3-3.5: * Simmple surgery=continue w/tx * Complex surgery: Defer & refer to Dr INR>3.5: Defer & refer to Dr

What drugs are anticoagulants & MOA

**Indirect Thrombin Inhibitor** Warfarin: * Blocks reduction cycling of vit K (Factor 2, 7, 9,10) Heparin: * Pulls thrombin & antithrombintogether * Block factor 2 Apixaban: * inhibits Factor 10a **Direct Thrombin Inhibitor** Dabigatran: * directly binds to thrombin (Factor 2a)

Antiplatelet Meds & MOA

Aspirin (irreversible) * inhibits Cox1-->prevent synthesis of TXA2 Clopidrogel: * Connects w/ADP Abciximab: * Binds to glycoprotein 2b/2a complex

Periodontitis Classification: Stagiing is determined by?

Severity (interdental CAL or RBL) Complexity: (Local Factors) Extent & Distribution (30%)

Periodontal Classification: Stage

Periodontal Classification: Staging is determined by

Rate of porgression (CAL/RBL) Response to Therapy Assess overall risk (Diabetes/Smoking)

Periodontal Classification: Stage * CAL or RBL * %RBL/Age * Case Phenotype * Smoking * Diabetes * CRP