* High-Yield * Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
A
Ability to cross the placenta
2
Q
Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are
A
ACE inhibitors
3
Q
Selective B1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating cardiac conditions in patients with asthma
A
Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol
4
Q
Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma
A
Acetazolamide
5
Q
DOC for herpes and its MOA
A
Acyclovir; activated by viral thymidine kinase, results in inhibition of viral DNA replication
6
Q
SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
A
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively
7
Q
Agents that inhibits xanthine oxidases and used to treat chronic gout
A
Allopurinol, febuxostat
8
Q
These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestant, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion)
A
Alpha1 agonists
9
Q
Acetaminophen only has what activity?
A
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
10
Q
Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
A
Antithrombin 3
11
Q
Losartan and valsartan block
A
AT1 receptors
12
Q
Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers
A
Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
13
Q
Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
A
Atropine and other anti-muscarinic agents
14
Q
Treat manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and EPS
A
Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl
15
Q
Reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand
A
Beta-blockers
16
Q
This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
A
Bethanechol
17
Q
<p>Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis</p>
A
<p>Bleomycin</p>
18
Q
MOA action of cromolyn
A
Blocks opening of Cl channels to prevent mast cell degranulation
19
Q
SE of beta blockers
A
Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
20
Q
Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema
A
Bradykinin
21
Q
Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia
A
Bromocriptine
22
Q
Unicyclic antidepressant least likely to affect sexual performance, used for management of nicotine withdrawal, SE’s include dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures
A
Bupropion
23
Q
Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin production
A
C-peptide
24
Q
Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption
A
Calcitonin (salmon prep)
25
An electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides
Calcium
26
Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator)
Capsaicin
27
DOC for N. gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
28
Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses
29
Antipsychotics having the strongest autonomic effects
Chlorpromazine or Thioridazine
30
H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs
Cimetidine
31
Agent with greater affinity to 5HT2A receptor; reserved for refractory schizophrenia, and can cause weight gain and agranulocytosis
Clozapine
32
Anti-psychotics shown not to cause tardive dyskinesia
Clozapine and quetiapine
33
Moderate opioid agonists
Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
34
Side Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
Constipation, edema, and headache
35
SE of niacin
Cutaneous flush
36
Agent for pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
37
DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sarcoplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle
Dantrolene
38
DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics
Dantrolene
39
Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
40
May protect against doxorubicin cardio-toxicity by chelating iron
Dexrazoxane
41
Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
42
Hormone inhibiting prolactin release
Dopamine
43
Antipsychotics, reserpine at high doses, and MPTP (by-product of illicit meperidine analog) and is irreversible
Drug induced Parkinsonism
44
Side effect associated with ACEI but not ARBs
Dry cough
45
SEs of ACE inhibitors
Dry cough, hyperkalemia
46
Toxicity of cholinergics
DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)
47
Site of action of thiazide diuretics
Early distal convoluted tubule
48
Ability of drug to produce the maximal biologic effect
Efficacy
49
Side effects occuring in antipsychotics that block dopamine
EPS, hyperprolactinemia, amennorrhea, galactorrhea, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
50
Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure
Erythropoietin
51
Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
Ethanol
52
These agents are CNS depressants
Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
53
Drugs of choice for absence seizures
Ethosuximide and valproic acid
54
Opioid associated with awareness during surgery and post-operative recall, but still used for high-risk cardiovascular surgeries
Fentanyl
55
Opioid available trans-dermally
Fentanyl
56
2nd generation antihistamines
Fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine
57
Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity
Flumazenil
58
Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
Flumazenil
59
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazenil
60
"Date rape drug"
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
61
Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Folic acid
62
Anti-seizure drugs used also for pain of neuropathic orgin
Gabapentin
63
Methyldopa is contraindicated in
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
64
SE of Aspirin
GI bleeding
65
SE of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia
66
Side effects of spironolactone
Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, and impotence
67
Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)
Half-life (T1/2)
68
Some side effects of corticosteroids
Hyperglycemia, Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis
69
Alpha 1 agonist toxicity
Hypertension
70
Side effects of loop (furosemide) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity
71
Side effects of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
72
TCA used in chronic pain, enuresis, and OCD
Imipramine
73
Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
74
Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin all do this
Induce CYP450
75
Cimetidine, ketoconazole, isoniazid, and grapefruit all do this
Inhibit CYP450
76
How drug or foods (grapefruit juice) increase statin effect
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
77
MOA of sulfonamides
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
78
Mechanism of action of amiloride
Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct
79
MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)
Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP
80
Propylthiouracil (PTU) mechanism of action
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase
81
Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity
Insulin, EGF, TGFbeta, PDGF, ANP
82
Muscarinic antagonist used in COPD
Ipratropium, tiotropium
83
Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
Ipratropium, tiotropium
84
Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS
LFT's
85
DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias
Lidocaine
86
Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of
Lipoprotein lipase
87
DOC for bipolar affective disorder
Lithium
88
Patients being treated with lithium, who are dehydrated, or taking diuretics concurrently, could develop
Lithium toxicity, lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
89
Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug
LSD
90
SE of hydralazine
Lupus-like syndrome
91
SE of procainamide
Lupus-like syndrome
92
MOA of thrombolytics
Lyse thrombi by catalyzing the formation of plasmin which binds fibrin
93
Diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure
Mannitol
94
THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Marijuana
95
Anemia caused by trimethoprim
Megaloblastic anemia
96
Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Methadone
97
DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas
Metronidazole
98
System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system MEOS
99
Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
Miosis, convulsions and constipation
100
Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
Morphine
101
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
N-acetylcysteine
102
Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity
N-acetylcysteine
103
Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
Naloxone
104
This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms (abstinence syndrome) to a recovering addict
Naloxone
105
Antidote used for opioid toxicity
Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)
106
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
Naltrexone
107
Amino acid derivative for treatment of Type II diabetes
Nateglinide
108
Decreases liver triglycerol synthesis
Niacin
109
Long acting insulin
NPH insulin
110
Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonist
Odansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron
111
Common side effect of Rifampin
Orange urine discoloration
112
SE of alpha blockers
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
113
DOC for influenza A and B
Oseltamivir or Zanamivir
114
Drug that causes contraction of the uterus
Oxytocin
115
Side effects of acetazolamide
Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
116
Treatments available for nicotine addiction
Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion
117
The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
118
Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
PGE1 (Alprostadil)
119
Prostaglandin used as 2nd line treatment of erectile dysfunction
PGE1 (Alprostadil)
120
Alpha 1selective blockers
Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
121
Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
122
ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in
pregnancy and with hyperkalemia
123
Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release and pain transmission
Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors
124
Limiting side effect of Quinidine
Prolongs QT interval
125
Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and indicated for pregnant women in 1st trimester
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
126
Prostaglandins that cause abortions
Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol), PGE2, and PGF2alpha
127
Antidote to reverse actions of heparin
Protamine sulfate
128
HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
Protease inhibitors
129
Thrombolytics are used for
Pulmonary embolism and DVT
130
MOA of nitrates
Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
131
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for
Rheumatic disease
132
DOC for RSV
Ribavirin
133
Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients
Rifampin
134
Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE)
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
135
Treatment of motion sickness
Scopolamine
136
Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it
Scotch tape technique
and mebendazole
137
Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3
Smooth muscle and mast cells; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively
138
MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics
Sodium channel blockers
139
Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors
Spironolactone
140
Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
Spironolactone, eplerenone
141
Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors
Steroid and hormones
142
MOA and effect of nitric oxide
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
143
Anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
Sulfonamides
144
A1a-selective blocker used for BPH
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
145
Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase
Testosterone
146
Site of action of loop diuretics
Thick ascending limb
147
This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma
Timolol
148
These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion
Timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective)
149
Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to
Torsades de pointes
150
SE of lithium
Tremor, sedation, ataxia, aphasia, thyroid enlargement, and reversible diabetes insipidus
151
Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures
Valproic acid
152
Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures
Valproic acid, Phenytoin and Carbamazepine
153
Drug used for MRSA
Vancomycin
154
Antidote used for warfarin toxicity
Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
155
Mnemonic for beta receptors
You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)
156
Inhibitor of lipoxygenase
Zileuton
