Other 1-Liners Flashcards
(585 cards)
1
Q
NSAID avoided in gout because low doses increases uric acid levels
A
Aspirin
2
Q
The selective agents lose their selectivity at
A
high doses
3
Q
Routes of administration of heparin
A
IV and subQ
4
Q
Common side effect of hypnotic agents
A
Sedation
5
Q
Anti-seizure medication also used in the prevention of migraines
A
Valproic acid
6
Q
Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity
A
“dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat”
7
Q
Clinical response that may fluctuate in tx of Parkinson’s dx
A
“On-off-phenomenon”
8
Q
Antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning
A
100% O2 and hyperbaric O2
9
Q
Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy
A
2 to 3 weeks
10
Q
Period of time of therapy after which GC therapy will need to be tapered
A
5-7 days
11
Q
Pyrimidine analog that causes “Thiamine-less death” given with leucovorin rescue
A
5-flouracil (5-FU)
12
Q
Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation
A
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
13
Q
Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross-linking
A
Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide
14
Q
Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome
A
Abstinence syndrome
15
Q
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT’s
A
Acarbose
16
Q
Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
A
Acarbose, miglitol
17
Q
Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
A
ACE inhibitors
18
Q
These beta blockers are less lipid soluble
A
Acebutolol and atenolol
19
Q
This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis
A
Acetazolamide
20
Q
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
A
Acetazolamide
21
Q
Mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes ligand gated ion channels
A
Acetylcholine, nicotine
22
Q
Clinical use for H2 blockers
A
Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease
23
Q
Drugs available in combination with metformin
A
Acroplus Met progutazone and metformin, Janumet and Janumet XR Sitagliptin and Metformin, Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone
24
Q
MOA of AGI’s
A
Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose
25
Adenosine's MOA
Activates acetylcholine sensitive K+ channels in SA and AV node
26
Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition
Acute intermittent porphyria
27
The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications
Additive CNS depression
28
DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Adenosine
29
Anti-arrhythmic with <10 second duration of action
Adenosine
30
Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by
Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
31
MOA for Valproic acid at high doses
Affect calcium, potassium, and sodium channels
32
Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor
Affinity
33
Carbamazepine may cause
Agranulocytosis
34
Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis
Albuterol
35
Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome
Alcohol
36
Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
37
Enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
38
Available bisphosphonates
Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid
39
Method to reduce salicylate intoxication
Alkalinize urine, dialysis
40
MOA of cisplatin
Alkylating agent
41
Some cell cycle non-specific drugs
Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea
42
Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates
Allopurinol
43
Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder
Alprazolam and Clonazepam
44
MOA of gold salts
Alter activity of macrophages and suppress phagocytic activity of PMNs
45
Enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission SE's include CNS excitation, acute toxic psychosis and livedo reticularis
Amantadine
46
Antidote for thrombolytics
Aminocaproic acid
47
Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
Aminoglutethimide
48
Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes
Amiodarone
49
Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia
Amiodarone
50
TCA used in chronic pain, a hypnotic, and has marked antimuscarinic effects
Amitriptyline
51
Antidepressant associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Amoxapine
52
Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction
Amphetamines
53
Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs
Amphetamines
54
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects
Amrinone and milrinone
55
Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines
Anterograde amnesia
56
Toxicity of anticholinergics
Anti-DUMBBELSS
57
Four main actions of NSAIDS
Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
58
SE for Felbamate
Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure
59
SE of penicillamine
Aplastic anemia and renal
60
Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion
Apraclonidine, brimonidine
61
Primary endogenous substrate for Nitric Oxidase Synthase
Arginine
62
Nitroprusside vasodilates
Arteries and veins
63
Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons
Ascending pathways
64
Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI
Aspirin
65
Cutaneous flush due to niacin can be reduced by pretreatment with
Aspirin
66
Irreversible, nonselective COX inhibitor
Aspirin (or other salicylates)
67
Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
68
Drugs used in the management of angina
Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers
69
Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in
Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease
70
Agent undergoing Hofmann elimination (breaking down spontaneously)
Atracurium
71
Digoxin is used in
Atrial fibrillation and CHF
72
Treatment of muscarinic symptoms in organophosphate overdose
Atropine
73
A class of endogenous substances that include histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides that work in autocrine or paracrine manner
Autacoids
74
Drug of choice for Legionnaires' disease
Azithromycin (or macrolides)
75
HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth
AZT (zidovudine)
76
Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients
Aztreonam
77
Class II antiarrhythmics are
B-blockers
78
Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality
B-blockers
79
GABA agonist in the spinal cord
Baclofen
80
Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem
Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzodiazepines)
81
Agent decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons. May improve tremor and rigidity but have LITTLE effect on bradykinesia. Atropine-like side effects
Benztropine
82
Antidote for severe CV toxicity of theophylline
Beta blockers
83
Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, and chronic CHF
Beta blockers
84
Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF, signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety)
Beta blockers
85
Used for the symptomatic treatment of thyrotoxicosis by blocking cardiac adverse effects
Beta-blockers such as propranolol and esmolol
86
These agents increase blood flow and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock
Beta1 agonists
87
Long acting GC's
Betamethasone, dexamethasone, and paramethasone
88
Decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Bile acid-binding resins
89
Cholestyramine and colestipol are
Bile acid-binding resins
90
MOA of nystatin
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
91
The fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration
Bioavailability (F)
92
SE of both warfarin and heparin
Bleeding
93
Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs
Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)
94
MOA of penicillin
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase and block peptidoglycan cross-linkage
95
MOA of local anesthetics (LA's)
Block voltage-dependent sodium channels
96
Side effect of demeclocycline
Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age
97
Peptide causing increased capillary permeability and edema
Bradykinin and histamine
98
Ergot alkaloid that is a partial agonist at D2 receptors in the brain, used for patients who are refractory or cannot tolerate levodopa, causes erythromelalgia
Bromocriptine
99
Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal
Buprenorphine
100
Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor
Buspirone
101
Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety
Buspirone
102
Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy, irritability, and headache
Caffeine
103
Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg
Calcium
104
Block L-type calcium channel
Calcium channel blockers
105
MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics
Calcium channel blockers
106
MOA for Ethosuximide
Calcium channels
107
Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women
Calcium reguators Bisphosphonates: alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)
108
Anti-seizure drugs used also for Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
109
Anti-seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug-metabolism enzymes, is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida
Carbamazepine
110
Anti-seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization
Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid
111
PCN active against pseudomonas
Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin
112
This is combined with L-dopa, inhibits DOPA decarboxylase (active only peripherally) which allows lower effective doses of L-dopa and allows for fewer SE's (GI distress, postural hypotension, and dyskinesias)
Carbidopa
113
Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression
Carboplatin
114
Lithium is associated with this congenital defect
Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
115
Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
116
Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy
Cartilage damage
117
Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker
Carvedilol
118
Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB
Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation
119
Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
120
Drug that selectively inhibits COX 2
Celecoxib
121
Newer NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2
Celecoxib
122
Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins
Cephalosporins
123
SE of tPA
Cerebral hemorrhage
124
Major SE of bisphosphonates
Chemical esophagitis
125
Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
126
Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs
Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam
127
1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating
Chlorpheniramine
128
Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life
Chlorpropamide
129
First generation sulfonylurea
Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
130
During Phase I these agents worsen the paralysis by succinylcholine, but during phase II they reverse the blockade produced by succinylcholine
Cholinesterase inhibitors
131
Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers
Cholinesterase inhibitors
132
Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
CHOP (cyclophosphamide, oncovin(vincristine), doxorubicin and prednisone), rituximab (rituxan)
133
Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
Cisplatin
134
Except for these agents all SSRI have significant inhibition of CytP450 enzymes
Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram
135
Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents
Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine)
136
Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack
Classic
137
The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration
Clearance (CL)
138
Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
139
Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively
Clomiphene and tamoxifen
140
TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), most significant of TCA's for risk of seizure, weight gain, and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms
Clomipramine
141
Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder
Clomipramine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
142
Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia
Clonazepam
143
Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN
Clonidine, and methyldopa
144
Effective in preventing TIA's
Clopidogrel and ticlopidine
145
Regimen used for breast cancer
CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
146
Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents
CNS depressants
147
Most important toxic effects of most local anesthetics
CNS toxicity
148
Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive property, favored for head, neck, and pharyngeal surgery
Cocaine
149
Commonly abused LA which has cardiovascular toxicity including severe hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction
Cocaine
150
Overdoses of this agent with powerful vasoconstrictive action may result in fatalities from arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression, or severe HTN (MI and stroke)
Cocaine "super-speed"
151
These LA's have surface activity
Cocaine and benzocaine
152
Three C's associated with TCA toxicity
Coma, Convulsions, Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)
153
Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)
Combination oral contraceptives (OC)
154
Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system
Competitive antagonist
155
Drugs that can be used for infantile spasms
Corticosteroids
156
Short acting GC's
Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol)
157
Difference between COX 1 and COX 2
COX 1 is constitutive while COX 2 may be induced during inflammation, although COX 2 is constitutive in some tissues
158
Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time
Cp
159
Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
160
Agent used for acute muscle spasm
Cyclobenzaprine
161
Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide
162
H1 blocker that is also a serotonin antagonist
Cyproheptadine
163
Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females
Cyproterone acetate
164
Drug used in neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Dantrolene
165
Drug of choice for leprosy
Dapsone
166
Most inhaled anesthetics SE
Decrease arterial blood pressure
167
MOA of metformin
Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
168
Mechanism of action of tetracycline
Decreases protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome and prevent binding of tRNA to A site
169
Antidote used for iron salt toxicity
Deferoxamine
170
Chelating agent used in acute iron toxicity
Deferoxamine
171
Antivirals that are teratogens
Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin
172
An early generation tetracyclin that may be used for chronic persistant SIADH
demeclocycline
173
Common mechanism by which overdose result in death
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
174
SE of gold salts
Dermatitis of the mouth aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
175
Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm
Desflurane
176
ADH agonist used for central diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
177
Amphetamine agents
Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine
178
These agents are used as antitussive
Dextromethorphan, Codeine
179
Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin
Diazepam
180
DOC for status epilepticus
Diazepam
181
Facilitates GABA presynaptic inhibition
Diazepam
182
Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects
Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate
183
Reduce transient hyper GI motility
Dicyclomine, methscopolamine
184
Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis
Didanosine
185
Antidote for digoxin toxicity
Digibind
186
Antidote used for digitalis toxicity
Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)
187
Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias
Digoxin
188
H1 antagonist used in motion sickness
Dimenhydrinate and other 1st generation
189
Antidote for arsenic, mercury, and gold poisoning
Dimercaprol
190
Antidote for severe lead poisoning (with encephalopathy)
Dimercaprol AND CaEDTA (edetate calcium disodium)
191
Antidote used for lead poisoning (without encephalopathy)
Dimercaprol, Edetate calcium disodium, or succimer
192
Antihistamine that is indicated for allergies, motion sickness, and insomnia
Diphenhydramine
193
These agents are used as antidiarrheal
Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
194
Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve
Dipyridamole
195
Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension
Disulfiram
196
Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol
Disulfiram-like reaction
197
Agents that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins
198
Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF
Dobutamine and dopamine
199
5ht-3 antagonist that has been MOST associated with QRS and QTc prolongation and should not be used in patients with heart disease
Dolasetron
200
These agents are congeners of Amphetamine
DOM, STP, MDA, and MDMA "ecstasy"
201
TCA with greatest sedation of this group, and marked antimuscarinic effects, used for sleep
Doxepin
202
Antiglaucoma organophosphate, indicated but not used much clinically anymore due to long duration of action
Echothiophate
203
Dose which produces therapeutic response in 50% of the poopulation
ED50
204
SE of Thiazolindinediones
Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism; if used over one year, bladder Cancer; with CHF, may cause new or worsening CHF
205
Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
206
Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants
Elderly patients
207
Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants
Enflurane and halothane
208
Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), used as adjuncts in Parkinson's dx and cause acute hepatic failure (monitor LFT's)
Entacapone and Tolcapone
209
Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis
Ephedrine
210
This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock
Epinephrine
211
Nonselective alpha agonists that decrease aqueous production and increase aqueous outflow
Epinephrine, dipivefrin
212
Antidote used for beta agonist toxicity (eg. Metaproterenol)
Esmolol
213
This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting
Esmolol
214
Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery
Esmolol
215
Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss
Estrogen
216
Antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity
Ethanol
217
Agent that competes for alcohol dehydrogenase in the case of methanol overdose
Ethanol
218
Agent with zero-order kinetics
Ethanol, theophylline, tolbutamide, warfarin, aspirin, phenytoin
219
Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)
Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol
220
Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia
Etidronate
221
The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
222
Class of drugs that works by inhibiting absorption of intestinal cholesterol and can be given concurrently with the Statins
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
223
Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias
Ferrous sulfate
224
5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness
Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)
225
Generation of antihistamine that has the most CNS effects
First generation due to being more lipid-soluble
226
Constant percentage of drug metabolized per unit time
First order kinetics
227
The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation
First pass effect
228
SE of AGI's
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
229
Mineralocorticoids
Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone
230
Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation
Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents
231
Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
232
SSRI with long T1/2 and can be administered once weekly for maintenance, not acute tx
Fluoxetine
233
SSRI's less likely to cause a withdrawal syndrome
Fluoxetine
234
SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Fluoxetine (Sarafem)
235
Anti-psychotics available in depot preparation
Fluphenazine and haloperidol
236
Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer
Flutamide (Eulexin)
237
Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure
Fomepizole
238
Ability of a drug to produce maximal response after binding to the receptor
Full agonist
239
Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy
G-CSF (filgrastim) and GM-CSF (sargramostim)
240
MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates
GABA-related targets
241
DOC for CMV retinitis
Ganciclovir
242
Antivirals associated with neutropenia
Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon
243
GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects, used for infertility
Ganirelix
244
COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
245
Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex
GFR
246
SE of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia
247
Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action
Glargine (Lantus)
248
Epinephrine and dipivefrin are used for
Glaucoma
249
3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC), and reticularis (adrenal androgens)
250
Antidote for beta-blocker overdose and hypoglycemia
Glucagon
251
Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
Glucagon
252
Used for Addison's disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation)
Glucocorticoids
253
Name 3 Phase II conjugation reactions
Glucuronidation, acetylation, glutathione conjugation, glycine conjugation, sulfation, methylation, water conjugation
254
Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
GLUT 2
255
Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
GLUT 4
256
Second generation sulfonylurea
Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
257
SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole
Gynecomastia
258
SE of ergot alkaloids
Hallucinations resembling psychosis
259
Agent more frequently associated with extrapyramidal side effects that can be treated with benzodiazepine, diphenhydramine or muscarinic blocker
Haloperidol
260
Antipsychotic having the weakest autonomic effects
Haloperidol
261
Agents used in Tourette's dx
Haloperidol or pimozide
262
Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis
Halothane
263
Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents
Halothane and methoxyflurane
264
Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy
Heparin
265
SE of heparin
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
266
Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines
Hepatic
267
Most frequent route of metabolism
Hepatic enzymes
268
Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
Hepatic toxicity
269
SE of acetaminophen
Hepatotoxicity
270
Most commonly abused in health care professionals
Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl
271
Ganglion blockers that were indicated (but not anymore) for severe hypertension
Hexamethonium, trimethaphan
272
Drugs that have a high margin of safety is indicated by
High therapeutic index
273
Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene
Hot flashes
274
Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle
Hydralazine
275
Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)
276
Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes
Hydroxychloroquine
277
Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Hydroxychloroquine
278
This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics
Hypercalcemia
279
This may enhance activity of local anesthetics
Hyperkalemia
280
Condition will result from in combination of MAOI with tyramine containing foods (ex. wine, cheese, and pickled meats)
Hypertensive crisis
281
SE of minoxidil
Hypertrichosis
282
Major side effect of insulin
Hypoglycemia
283
Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide
Hypoglycemia
284
Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by
Hypokalemia
285
Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins
Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamin absorption (A,D,E,K)
286
Barbiturates MOA
Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels
287
MOA for benzodiazepines
increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening
288
Major drug interaction with Quinidine
Increases concentration of Digoxin
289
Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by
Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines
290
MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)
Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase
291
NSAID used in gout
Indomethacin, ibuprofen
292
MOA of corticosteroids
Induce lipocortins to 1. inhibit phospholipase A2, 2. repress COX-2 gene and enzyme expression, 3. repress cytokines that activate COX-2
293
Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group
Infants
294
Contraindications to use of atropine
Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy
295
Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
Infliximab and etanercept
296
These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockade (NMB)
Inhaled anesthetics, especially isoflurane, aminoglycosides, and antiarrhythmic
297
Mechanism of action of spironolactone
Inhibit mineralocorticoid receptor and inhibit Na/K-ATPase and ENaC synthesis
298
Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics
Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
299
MOA of NSAIDS
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (cox)
300
Mechanism of action of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of 23S rRNA of 50S ribosome subunit
301
MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)
Inhibiting Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis
302
MOA of lovastatin (STATIN)
inhibits HMG COA reductase
303
Mechanism of action of loop diuretics
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter
304
MOA of Bisphosphonates
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
305
MOA of both generations
Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
306
MOA of repaglinide
Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
307
Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells
Interferon alpha
308
Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy
Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin)
309
Can be effective for short term therapy of thyroid storm, but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism
Iodide salts (potassium iodide)
310
MOA of aspirin
Irreversibly blocks COX1 and COX2
311
Beta cells are found
Islets of Langerhans
312
Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation
Isoflurane
313
This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence
IV administration
314
Drugs of choice for status epilepticus
IV diazepam (or lorazapam) followed by phenytoin
315
This produces "dissociative anesthesia", is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery
Ketamine
316
5HT2 antagonist mediate synaptic excitation in the CNS and smooth muscle contraction
Ketanserin, cyproheptadine, and ergot alkaloids (partial agonist of alpha and serotonin receptors)
317
Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids
Ketoconazole
318
NSAID available orally, IM, IV, nasally, and ophthalmically
Ketoralac
319
NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as pre-op anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity
Ketoralac
320
SE of colchicine
Kidney and liver toxicity, diarrhea, myelosuppression
321
Major route of elimination for Lithium
Kidneys
322
Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)
L-asparaginase
323
Agent used in drug therapy of Parkinson's instead of Dopamine which has low bioavailability and does not cross the BBB
L-dopa
324
Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF
Labetalol and carvedilol
325
Most important potential SE of metformin
Lactic acidosis
326
Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population
LD50
327
Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops
Lepirudin
328
Antidote for methotrexate toxicity
Leucovorin
329
GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively
Leuprolide
330
Anti-Parkinson's drug which increases intraocular pressure and is contraindicated in closed angle glaucoma
Levodopa
331
An isomer of T3 which may be used in myxedema coma
Liothyronine (T3)
332
Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
Lispro (Humalog)/Apidra (glulisine)
333
Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property
Liver enzyme INDUCTION
334
Major SE of zileuton
Liver toxicity
335
SE of mirtazapine
Liver toxicity, increased serum cholesterol
336
Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)
Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))
337
Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number
Log-kill hypothesis
338
Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves
Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol
339
Diuretic used in hypertensive patients with renal failure
Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid, butmetanide)
340
Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)
Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam
341
Orthostatic hypotension and QT prolongation
Low potency and risperidone
342
Drugs that have a narrow margin of safety is indicated by
Low therapeutic index
343
Reduced seizure threshold
Low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine
344
Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes
Magnesium sulfate
345
Agent to treat torsades de pointes
Magnesium sulfate
346
Concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability)
Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))
347
Insecticide organophosphate
Malathion, parathion
348
Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity
Maprotiline
349
Important drug interaction with chloral hydrate
May displace coumadin from plasma proteins
350
Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation
Mechlorethamine
351
MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin's disease (HD)
Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone
352
All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction
Meperidine
353
Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome
Meperidine
354
Biguanide
Metformin
355
Treatment for opioid addiction
Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
356
Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria
Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin
357
Thioamide agents used in hyperthyroidism
Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)
358
Causes bone marrow suppression
Methotrexate
359
Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency
Methoxyflurane
360
Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid) and sometimes for adrenal function test
Metyrapone
361
Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia
Midazolam
362
Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia
Midazolam
363
Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with
Midodrine
364
Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor
Mifepristone
365
Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient
Mifepristone (RU-486)
366
Inversely related to potency of anesthetics
Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)
367
Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
Minocycline
368
Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels
Minoxidil
369
Antidepressant with MOA as alpha 2 antagonist, has effects on both 5-HT and NE, blocks histamine receptors, and is sedating
Mirtazapine
370
Non-depolarizing antagonist has short duration
Mivacurium
371
Most useful in patients with significant anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis, and resistant depression
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
372
Opioids used in anesthesia
Morphine and fentanyl
373
Strong opioid agonists
Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl
374
Receptors for serotonin (5HT-1) are located
Mostly in the brain, and they mediate synaptic inhibition via increased K+ conductance
375
Agents may exacerbate tardive dyskinesias (may be irreversible and there is no treatment)
Muscarinic blockers
376
SE for ganciclovir
Myelosuppression
377
This beta blocker is the longest acting
Nadolol
378
Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse
Nandrolone and stanozolol
379
Most common SE of fibrates
Nausea
380
Antidepressant which is inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes and may be associated with hepatic failure
Nefazodone
381
Carbamate with intermediate action and used as off-label for postoperative paralytic ileus and urinary retention
Neostigmine
382
Common toxicities of cisplatin
Nephro and ototoxicity
383
Two toxicities of aminoglycosides
nephro and ototoxicity
384
Toxicity of amphotericin
Nephrotoxicity
385
Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
386
State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide
Neuroleptanesthesia
387
Structurally related to acetylcholine, used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
388
SE for ticlopidine
Neutropenia and agranulocytosis
389
Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome
Nevirapine, amprenavir
390
W/D from this drug causes anxiety and mental discomfort
Nicotine
391
CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation
Nifedipine
392
Drug used in Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
393
Antidote used for cyanide poisoning
Nitrites, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit)
394
Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis
Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin
395
Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks
Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets
396
IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis
Nitroprusside
397
Drug used in ergot alkaloids overdose, ischemia and gangrene
Nitroprusside
398
Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient
Nitrous oxide
399
Inhaled anesthetics, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration
Nitrous oxide
400
Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia
Nitrous oxide
401
Inhalant anesthetics
NO; chloroform; and diethyl ether
402
Ability to bind irreversibly to the active site or bind to a site distinctly separate from the agonist binding site
Noncompetitive antagonist
403
Tubocurarine is the prototype; pancuronium; atracurium; vecuronium are newer short acting agent; produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor; causing flaccid paralysis
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers
404
These prevent the action of Ach at the skeletal muscle endplate to produce a "surmountable blockade;" effect is reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors (ex. neostigmine or pyridostigmine)
Nondepolarizing type antagonists
405
Prototypical drug is atropine
Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists
406
Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants
Norepinephrine and serotonin
407
Endogenous insulin
Normal C-peptide
408
Secondary amines that have less sedation and more excitation effect
Nortriptyline; Desipramine
409
Class of drugs that reversibly inhibit COX
NSAIDS
410
Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly; carcinoid; glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors
Octreotide
411
Newer atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder; known to cause weight gain; and adversely affect diabetes
Olanzapine
412
Newer atypical antipsychotics that also improve some of the negative symptoms and help acute agitation
Olanzapine and aripiprazole
413
Extrapyramidal dysfunction is more common with these agents; which block this subtype of dopamine receptor
Older antipsychotic agents; D2 receptors
414
Antipsychotics that reduce positive symptoms only
Older antipsychotics
415
SE of these drugs include dependence; withdrawal syndrome; sedation; euphoria; respiratory depression nausea and vomiting; constipation; biliary spasm; increased ureteral and bladder tone; and reduction in uterine tone
Opioid Analgesics
416
Route of administration of warfarin
Oral
417
Nitrate used to prevent further attacks
Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin
418
Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis
ORAL vancomycin
419
Cause dizziness; tachycardia; hypotension; and flushing
Organic nitrites
420
Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch
Ortho-Evra
421
Uses of bisphosphonates
Osteoporosis; Paget's disease; and osteolytic bone lesions; and hypercalcemia from malignancy
422
Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate this adverse effect
Ototoxicity
423
Different steps of Phase I
Oxidation; reduction; hydrolysis
424
Cystitis; postoperative bladder spasms; or incontinence
Oxybutynin; dicyclomine
425
Agent can blocking muscarinic receptors
Pancuronium
426
Some of SSRIs' therapeutic effects beside depression
Panic attacks; social phobias; bulimia nervosa; and PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder); OCD
427
Ability to produce less than maximal response after binding to the receptor
Partial agonist
428
Most dangerous of the currently popular hallucinogenic drugs; OD leads to nystagmus; marked hypertension; and seizures; presence of both horizontal and vertical nystagmus is pathognomonic
PCP
429
Antidote used in Wilson's disease (copper poisoning)
Penicillamine
430
Chelating agent used in Wilson's disease
Penicillamine
431
Methylxanthine derivative used as a remedy for intermittent claudication
Pentoxifylline
432
SE of INH
Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis
433
Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN
PGI2 (epoprostenol)
434
DOC for febrile seizures
Phenobarbital
435
Nonselective alpha-blocking drug; long acting and irreversible; and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT; so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis
Phenoxybenzamine
436
Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
437
Nonselective alpha-blocking drug; short acting and reversible; used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal; and Raynaud's phenomena
Phentolamine
438
For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal
Phentolamine
439
Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy; it does not cause cycloplegia
Phenylephrine
440
DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias
Phenytoin
441
Anti-seizure agent that exhibits non-linear metabolism; highly protein bound; causes fetal hydantoin syndrome; and stimulates hepatic metabolism
Phenytoin
442
Enzyme which theophylline inhibits
Phosphodiesterase
443
Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning
Physostigmine
444
Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect; which may lead to convulsions
Physostigmine
445
Muscarinic that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma
Pilocarpine
446
Muscarinic used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome
Pilocarpine or Cevimeline
447
Cholinomimetics that increase outflow; open trabecular meshwork; and cause ciliary muscle contraction
Pilocarpine; carbachol; physostigmine
448
Beta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma
Pindolol and acebutolol
449
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
450
Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by
Platelet aggregation inhibition
451
Type of resistance found with vancomycin
Point mutation
452
SE of methyldopa
Positive Comb's test; depression
453
Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization
Postsynaptic Mu receptors
454
SE of nitrates
Postural hypotension; reflex tachycardia; hot flashes; and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation
455
MOA of class III antiarrhythmics
Potassium channel blockers
456
Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect compared with another drug
Potency
457
The reason why aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
458
This agent competes for phosphorylated cholinesterase enzyme and regenerates enzyme if organophosphate-enzymes complex has not "aged"
Pralidoxime
459
Non ergot agents used as first-line therapy in the initial management of Parkinson's
Pramipexole and ropinirole
460
COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with
Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease
461
Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms
Prednisone
462
Intermediate acting GC's
Prednisone; methylprednisolone; prednisolone; oaramethasone; fluprednisone and triamcinolone
463
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in
Pregnancy
464
Fibrates are contraindicated in
Pregnancy
465
Warfarin is contraindicated in
Pregnancy
466
LA causing methemoglobinemia
Prilocaine
467
Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria
Primaquine
468
CCB are DOC for
Prinzmetal's angina
469
Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid excretion through inhibition of URAT1 anion transporter
Probenecid
470
Alkylating agent that produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol
Procarbazine
471
Alpha cells in the pancreas
Produce glucagon
472
Beta cells in the pancreas
Produce insulin
473
Delta cells in the pancreas
Produce Somatostatin
474
Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone
Prolonged half-life; up to six weeks
475
Side effect of sotalol
prolongs QT and PR interval
476
Produces both rapid anesthesia and recovery; has antiemetic activity and commonly used for outpatient surgery; may cause marked hypotension
Propofol
477
Weak opioid agonist; poor analgesic; its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression; circulatory collapse; pulmonary edema; and seizures
Propoxyphene
478
This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares
Propranolol
479
Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis
Propranolol
480
Agent effective in physiologic and essential tremor
Propranolol
481
This agent cause increased aqueous outflow
Prostaglandin PGF2a (latanoprost; travoprost; unoprostone)
482
Chronic high dose abuse of nicotine leads to
Psychotic state; overdose causes agitation; restlessness; tachycardia; hyperthermia; hyperreflexia; and seizures
483
Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks; too toxic to be used continuously
Pulse therapy
484
Treatment of myasthenia gravis and sometimes used prophylactically for organophosphate poisoning in chemical warfare
Pyridostigmine
485
Increased risk of developing cataracts
Quetiapine
486
Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis; patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter. Contraindicated in pregnancy
Radioactive iodine
487
Recombinant uricases that enhance uric acid metabolism
rasburicase; pegloticase
488
SE of clonidine
Rebound HTN; sedation; dry mouth
489
Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma
Reduce aqueous synthesis
490
Sedative-Hypnotics action
Reduce inhibition; suppress anxiety; and produce relaxation
491
Often mixed with local anesthetic to
Reduce the loss from area of injection
492
Diuretics work in CHF by
Reducing preload
493
Beta blockers work in CHF by
Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)
494
Rapid acting; crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia
Regular (Humulin R)
495
Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses
REM is decreased
496
Meglitinide
Repaglinide
497
Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents
Rescue therapy
498
The most important cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
Respiratory failure
499
SE of hydroxychloroquine
Retinal destruction and dermatitis
500
Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of
Rhabdomyolysis
501
SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors
Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity
502
Atypical antipsychotic causing high prolactin levels
Risperidone
503
Long acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma
Salmeterol
504
Longer acting Beta 2 agonists is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma
Salmeterol
505
Most common side effect of 1st generation antihistamines
Sedation; anticholinergic
506
SE of imipenem
Seizures
507
MOA of Colchicine (used in acute gout)
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly
508
Inhibitor of MAO type B which metabolizes dopamine; used adjunct to levodopa or as sole agent in newly diagnosed pt's
Selegiline
509
GHRH analog used as diagnostic agent
Sermorelin
510
MAOI should not be administered with SSRI's or potent TCA's due to development of this condition
Serotonin syndrome
511
Laboratory value required to be monitored for patients on valproic acid
Serum ammonia and LFT's
512
Side effect of Mitomycin
SEVERE myelosuppression
513
All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression; agents are chosen based on these criterion
Side-effect profile and prior pt response
514
Beta 1 agonist toxicity
Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias
515
Beta 2 agonist toxicity
Skeletal muscle tremor
516
Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
Sodium bicarbonate
517
Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin; Carbamazepine; Lamotrigine
Sodium blockade
518
Antidote for hyperkalemia
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
519
Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism)
Somatrem
520
Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties
Sotalol
521
Agents acting in the CNS or in the skeletal muscle; used to reduce abnormally elevated tone caused by neurologic or muscle end plate disease
Spasmolytic drugs
522
Selectivity of a drug for its receptor
Specificity
523
Well-tolerated and are first-line antidepressants
SSRI's; bupropion; and venlafaxine
524
Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids
St. Anthony's Fire
525
When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination
Steady state
526
Causes acne; premature closure of epiphyses; masculinization in females; hepatic dysfunction; MI; and increases in libido and aggression
Steroids
527
SE for Lamotrigine
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
528
MOA of thiazolindinediones
Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
529
MOA of nateglinide
Stimulates rapid and transient release of of insulin through closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel
530
Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction
Streptokinase
531
Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic
Streptomycin
532
Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker; causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use
Succinylcholine
533
One depolarizing blocker that causes continuous depolarization and results in muscle relaxation and paralysis; causes muscle pain postoperatively and myoglobinuria may occur
Succinylcholine
534
Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis
Sulfasalazine
535
Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
Sulfonamides
536
Triptan available in parenteral and nasal formulation
Sumatriptan
537
Drug used for African sleeping sickness
Suramin
538
Dose which is toxic in 50% of the population
TD50
539
Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor; but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus
Terbutaline
540
Agents having higher sedation and antimuscarinic effects than other TCA's
Tertiary amines
541
Agents used in Huntington's Disease
Tetrabenazine (amine depleting drug); Haloperidol (antipsychotic)
542
Longer acting local anesthetics which are less dependent on vasoconstrictors
Tetracaine and bupivacaine
543
Drug causes teeth discoloration
Tetracycline
544
Drug increases the renal clearance hence decreases levels of lithium
Theophylline
545
Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect
Therapeutic index
546
Diuretic used as first line for treatment of hypertension
Thiazides
547
Anti-thyroid drugs
Thioamides (methimazole; propylthiouracil); potassium iodide; radioactive iodine (131I)
548
Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia
Thiopental
549
IV barbiturate used as a pre-op anesthetic
Thiopental
550
Only phenothiazine not exerting antiemetic effects; can cause visual impairment due to retinal deposits; and high doses have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias
Thioridazine
551
SE of amrinone
Thrombocytopenia
552
Other side effects of Quinidine
Thrombocytopenic purpura; and CINCHONISM
553
SE of Amiodarone
Thyroid dysfunction; photosensitivity; skin (blue smurf syndrome); corneal deposits; liver damage and pulmonary fibrosis
554
Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin
Ticlopidine
555
SE of salicylates
Tinnitus; GI bleeding
556
Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA
Tissue plasmin activator
557
Similar to clonidine and may cause hypotension
Tizanidine
558
Nitrate free intervals are needed due to
Tolerance
559
Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses
Tolerance
560
Agents used for SIADH
Tolvaptan and conivaptan
561
Topical DOC in impetigo
Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)
562
Antidepressant also used for sleep that causes priapism
Trazodone
563
Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs; they lower seizure threshold; uses include BAD; acute panic attacks; phobias; enuresis; and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
564
Agent with long duration of action and is sost likely to cause histamine release
Tubocurarine
565
MOA of general anesthetics
Unclear; thought to increase the threshold for firing of CNS neurons
566
Removal of PCP may be aided
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
567
Major indication for H1 receptor antagonist
Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction (allergic rhinitis; urticaria)
568
Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy
Uterine contractions
569
Agent that inhibits hepatic metabolism; is hepatotoxic and teratogen that can cause neural tube defects and gastrointestinal distress
Valproic acid
570
Anti-seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD)
Valproic acid; carbamazepine; phenytoin and gabapentin
571
Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome; and prevention
Vancomycin; can be prevented by infusion
at a slow rate and antihistamines
572
Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity
Vasodilation
573
Antidepressant having stimulant effects similar to SSRI's and can increase blood pressure
Venlafaxine
574
Antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine; serotonin; and dopamine reuptake
Venlafaxine
575
Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy; foot drop (eg. ataxia); and "pins and needles" sensation
Vincristine
576
Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B12
577
Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption
Vitamin D
578
Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin
Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma
579
Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration
Volume of distribution (VD)
580
Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant
Warfarin (PT)
581
Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness)
Yohimbine
582
Inhibitor of leukotrienes (LTD4) receptors and used in asthma
Zafirlukast and montelukast
583
Constant amount of drug metabolized per unit time
Zero order kinetics
584
Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
585
Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines
Zolpidem; zaleplon
