High Yield Anatomy Flashcards by Molly Philbin

Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column

Kyphosis

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Lateral deviation of vertebral column

Scoliosis

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Major feature of cervical vertebrae

Transverse foramina

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Vertebra located at level of iliac crest

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Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae

Ligamentum flavum

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Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column

Anterior longitudinal

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Ligament affected by whiplash injury

Anterior longitudinal

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Ligament which limits skull rotation

Alar

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Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area

Pedicle

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Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area

Pars interarticularis, Lamina

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Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae

Posterior

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Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens

Transverse ligament of

atlas (part of cruciate)

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Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc

L4-5

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Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc

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Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6

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Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation

sixth

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Vertebral level of lumbar puncture

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Innervation of suboccipital muscles

Suboccipital nerve

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Roof of suboccipital triangle

Semispinalis capitis,

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Floor of suboccipital triangle

Posterior arch of atlas;

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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Major vessel within suboccipital triangle

Vertebral artery

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Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2

Greater occipital nerve

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Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac

SV2

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Inferior extent of spinal cord

LV2

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Location of internal vertebral plexus

Epidural space

Most frequently fractured bone of body

Clavicle

Most frequently dislocated carpal bone

Lunate

Most frequently fracture carpal bone

Scaphoid

Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance

Colle’s fracture

Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus

Axillary

Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle

Ulnar

Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus

Radial

Nerve injured in wrist drop

Radial

Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint

Deltoid

Muscles innervated by axillary nerve

Deltoid and teres minor

Muscle that initiates abduction of arm

Supraspinatus

Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff

Supraspinatus

Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm

Trapezius and serratus

Tendon that courses through shoulder joint

Long head of biceps

Chief supinator muscle of hand

Biceps brachii

Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula

Long thoracic nerve

Spinal levels of axillary nerve

C5 and C6

Spinal levels to muscles of the hand

C8 and T1

Dermatome of thumb

Nerve to thenar compartment

Recurrent branch of median

Innervation of adductor pollicis

Ulnar (deep branch)

Innervation to all interosseous muscles

Ulnar (deep branch)

Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus

Shoulder

Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus

Intrinsic hand muscles

Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome

Median

Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome

Ulnar

Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand

Lumbricals

Boundaries of femoral triangle

Inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus

Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath

Femoral nerve

Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath

Femoral vein

Contents of femoral canal

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

Medial boundary of femoral ring

Lacunar ligament

Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal

Saphenous nerve, nerve | to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels

Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa

Popliteus

Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint

Iliopsoas

Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking

Gluteus medius

Muscle that extends leg

Quadriceps femoris

Muscle that unlocks knee joint

Popliteus

Muscle affected with “foot slap”

Tibialis anterior

Chief invertors of foot

Tibialis anterior and posterior

Chief evertors of foot

Fibularis longus and brevis

Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia

Anterior cruciate

Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver

Medial collateral

Most commonly injured ankle ligament

Anterior talofibular | "Always Tears First"

Ligament stretched with “flat foot”

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)

Joints for movements of inversion and eversion

Subtalar and transverse tarsal

Major artery to head of femur in adult

Medial femoral circumflex

Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula

Common fibular

Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal

Fibularis brevis

Innervation of adductor magnus

Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic

Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome

Tibial

Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot

Saphenous (L4)

Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot

Sural (S1)

Cutaneous innervation of heel

Tibial

Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2

Deep fibular

Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot

Superficial fibular

Major dermatome to big toe

Dermatome to small toe

Spinal level of patellar reflex

Spinal level of Achilles reflex

Locking of knee when walking suggests

Meniscus injury

Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee

Medial collateral, medial | meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament

Dermatome around nipple

Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula

TV7

Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium

Thymus

Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly

2nd

Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung

4th

Inferior extent of lung at midclavicular line

6th rib

Inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular line

8th rib

Inferior extent of lung at midaxillary line

8th rib

Inferior extent of pleura at midaxillary line

10th rib

Inferior extent of lung posteriorly

10th rib

Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly

12th rib

Innervation of costal pleura

Intercostal nerve

Innervation of mediastinal pleura

Phrenic nerve

Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve

Left 2nd interspace

Site for auscultation of aortic valve

Right 2nd interspace

Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve

Xiphisternal joint

Site for auscultation of mitral valve

Left 5th interspace, midclavicular line

Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection

Right ventricle

Chamber that forms apex of heart

Left ventricle

major chamber that forms base of heart

Left atrium

Heart chamber that contains moderator band

Right ventricle

Artery that determines coronary dominance

Posterior interventricular

Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries

Right coronary artery

Location of SA node

Cristae terminalis

Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart

Coronary sinus

Innervation of fibrous pericardium

Phrenic nerve

Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur

Aortic stenosis

Rib associated with sternal angle

Second rib

Vertebral level associated with sternal angle

Disc between TV4-5

Location of ductus arteriosus

Between left pulmonary artery and aorta

Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic

Subclavian and internal Jugular

Veins that unite to form superior vena cava

Right and left Brachiocephalic

Termination of azygos vein

Superior vena cava

Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct

Azygos veins, aorta

Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve

T5-9

Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve

T10-11

Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve

T12

Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus

Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm

Disease often associated with thymoma

Myasthenia gravis

Remnant of umbilical vein

Round ligament of liver

Dermatome to umbilical area

T10

Dermatome to suprapubic area

Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery

T12

Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA

Vertebral level associated with origin renal arteries

Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries

Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA

Vertebral level of umbilicus

Disc L3-4

Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation

Vertebral level for formation of IVC

Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall

T7-L1

Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Structure that forms deep inguinal ring

Trasnversalis fasica

Structure that form floor of inguinal canal

Inguinal ligament

Bony attachments of inguinal ligament

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Structures that form conjoint tendon

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia

External oblique

Abdominal continuous with cremasteric fascia

Internal oblique

Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia

Transversalis fascia

Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect hernias

Inferior epigastric artery

Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring

Indirect inguinal

Most common type of hernia

Indirect inguinal

Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia

Right

Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle

Direct inguinal

Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle

Inguinal ligament, rectus | abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein

Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings

Indirect inguinal

Fluid in processus vaginalis

Hydrocele

Communication between greater and lesser sacs

Epiploic foramen

Superior border of epiploic foramen

Caudate lobe of liver

Inferior border of epiploic foramen

Part one of duodenum

Posteiror border of epiploic foramen

IVC

Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum)

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic gutter

Phrenicocolic ligament

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment

Root of mesentary

Superior extent of right paracolic gutter

Hepatorenal recess

Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity

Rectouterine pouch

Structures supplied by celiac artery

Stomach, duodenum, liver, | spleen, gallbladder, pancreas

Branches of celiac artery

Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic

Blood supply to stomach

Right and left | gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastric

Major structures of bed of stomach

Pancreas, spleen, left | kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm

Ducts that join to form common bile duct

Cystic and common Hepatic

Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver

Falciform ligament

Origin of cystic artery

Right hepatic artery

Ribs directly related to spleen

Ribs 9-11

Organs related to spleen

Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas

Artery to small intestine

SMA

Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA

Duodenum, pancreas

Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA

Transverse colon

Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas

IVC

Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas

Portal vein

Veins that unite to form portal vein

Splenic and SMV

Clinically importatnt organs for portacaval anastomoses

Esophagus, rectum, liver

Two structures that lies posterior to SMA near its origin

Left renal vein, duodenum

Three distinguishing features of the large intestine

Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages

Termination of left gonadal vein

Left renal vein

Termination of right gonadal vein

Inferior vena cava

Location of initial pain of appendicitis

Umbilical region

Motor innervation of diaphragm

Phrenic

Sensory innervation of diaphragm

Phrenic + intercostal

Spinal levels of phrenic nerve

C3-5

Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm

Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm

T10

Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus

Vagal trunks

Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm

T12

Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta

Thoracic duct

Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura

Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves

Structure that separates pelvis and perineum

Pelvic diaphragm

Two major components of pelvic diaphragm

Levator ani + coccygeus

Two major components of levator ani

Pubococcygeus and | Iliococcygeus

Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall

Obturator internus and Piriformis

Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis

Lesser sciatic foramen

Means by which piriformis exits pelvis

Greater sciatic foramen

Innervation of detrusor

Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)

Remnants of umbilical arteries

Medial umbilical ligaments

Chief artery to rectal mucosa

Superior rectal

Most common type of pelvic inlet in females

Gynecoid

Two remnants of gubernaculum in females

Ovarian and round ligament

Ligament that contains ovarian vessels

Suspensory ligament of ovary

Lymph nodes for ovary and testes

Lumbar

Normal position of uterus

Anterverted, anteflexed

Chief uterine support

Pubococcygeus

Ligament that contains uterine vessels

Lateral cervical

Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy

Ureter

Relation of ureter to uterine artery

Inferior and posterior

Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces

Perineal membrane

Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles

Ischial tuberosities

Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa

Fascia of obturator Internus

Structure that forms the pudendal canal

Fascia of obturator Internus

Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids

Pectinate line

Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal

Internal iliac, IM

Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal

Superficial inguinal

Major structure of deep perineal space

Sphincter urethrae

Lymph nodes for glans penis

Deep inguinal

Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis

Bulbospongiosus

Muscle which compresses the crus of penis

Ischiocavernosus

Muscles which meet at the perineal body

Superficial and deep | perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus

Vertebral level of hyoid bone

CV3

Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage

CV4,5

Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage

CV6

Muscles that are innervated by CN XI

Trapezius, SCM

Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene

Brachial plexus, subclavian artery

Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid

Ansa cervicalis

Innervation of digastric

Anterior belly = CN V | Posterior belly = CN VII

Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body

CN IX, CN X

Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor

Auditory tube, levator veli Palatini

Nerves of pharyngeal plexus

CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics

Only muscle innervated by CN IX

Stylopharyngeus

Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane

Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery

Only muscle to abduct vocal cords

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Innervation of cricothyroid

External laryngeal nerve

Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid

Recurrent laryngeal

Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords

Cricothyroid

Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords

Internal laryngeal

Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords

Recurrent laryngeal

Site of aspirated lodged fishbone

Piriform recess

Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex

CN IX – CN X

Afferent – efferent limbs of cough reflex

CN X – CN X

Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery

Recurrent laryngeal

Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus

CN VII and VIII

Foramen where CN VII exits skull

Stylomastoid foramen

Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura

Middle meningeal

Major cutaneous nerve of face

CN V

Major artery to internal structures of head

Maxillary

Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head

T1 – 2

Autonomic ganglia for CN III

Ciliary

Sensory ganglia for CN VII

Geniculate

Autonomic ganglia for CN VII

PPG and submandibular

Autonomic ganglia for CN IX

Otic

Muscle attached to disc of TMJ

Lateral pterygoid

Muscle that retracts mandible

Temporalis

Major nerve to TMJ (pain)

Auriculotemporal

Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland

Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal

Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid

Auriculotemporal

Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity

Posterior ethmoid sinus

Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity

Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid

Structures that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity

Nasolacrimal duct

Major artery to nasal cavity

Sphenopalatine

Most common site of nose bleed

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Innervation of levator veli palatini

CN X

Muscle that opens auditory tube

Tensor veli palatini

Innervation of tensor veli palatini

CN V3

Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Chorda tympani

Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Geniculate ganglion

Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland

Chorda tympani

Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular

Lingual

Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates

CN X

Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy

CN IX

Muscle that protrudes tongue

Genioglossus

Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue

Ipsilateral CN XII

Specific nerve that stimulates tear production

Greater petrosal CN VII

Sensory nerve to cornea

CN V1 (nasociliary)

Muscle that elevates and abducts eye

Inferior oblique

Muscle that depresses and abducts eye

Superior oblique

Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil

Lateral horn, T1 - 2

Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil

Superior cervical ganglion

Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil

Edinger-Westphal

Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil

Ciliary ganglion

Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane

Auriculotemporal, CN X

Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane

CN IX

Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta

TV4-5

Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta

TV4-5

Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs

Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction

Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs

Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation

Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus

Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical

Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping

Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly

Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk

conus arteriosum or infundibulum

Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at angle of 90 degrees

Anteversion

Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees

Anteflexion

Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle

Cristae terminalis

Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy

Both left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves

Specific muscle that holds patella in place

Vastus medialis

First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve

Vastus medialis

Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury

Vastus medialis

Innervation to nail bed of middle finger

Median nerve

Innervation to nail bed of ring finger

Ulnar and median

Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4

High Yield Anatomy Flashcards

(304 cards)