HIGH YIELDS

Question 1

name the disease: abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

Answer 1

budd-chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

Question 2

name the disease: achilles tendon xanthoma

Answer 2

familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

Question 3

name the disease: adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

Answer 3

waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

Question 4

name the disease: arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

Answer 4

marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin defect)

Question 5

name the disease: athlete with polycythemia

Answer 5

secondary to EPO injection

Question 6

name the disease: back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Answer 6

Pott’s disease (vertebral TB)

Question 7

name the disease: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Answer 7

sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)

Question 8

name the disease: blue sclera

Answer 8

OI (type I collagen defect)

Question 9

name the disease: bluish line on gingiva

Answer 9

burton’s line (lead poisoning)

Question 10

name the disease: bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

Answer 10

paget’s dz of bone (increased osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity)

Question 11

name the disease: bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

Answer 11

aortic regurgitation

Question 12

name the disease: butterfly facial rash & raynaud’s phenomenon in young female

Answer 12

SLE

Question 13

name the disease: cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

Answer 13

NF type I (+pheochromocytoma, optic glioma)

Question 14

name the disease: calf pseudohypertrophy

Answer 14

muscular dystrophy (MC duchenne’s ): x linked recessive deletion of the dystrophin gene

Question 15

name the disease: cherry-red spot on macula

Answer 15

Tay-sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

Question 16

name the disease: chest pain on exertion

Answer 16

angina (stable: w/ moderate exeertion; unstable: w/ minimal exertion)

Question 17

name the disease: chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

Answer 17

Dressler’s syndrome (AI-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, ~12 wks after acute episode)

Question 18

name the disease: child uses arms to stand up from squat

Answer 18

Gower’s sign (duchenne muscular dystrophy)

Question 19

name the disease: child w/ fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

Answer 19

slapped cheeks (erythema infectiousum/fifth dz: parovirus B19

Question 20

name the disease: chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

Answer 20

huntington’s dz (AD CAG repeat expansion)

Question 21

name the disease: chronic exercise intolerance w/ myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria?

Answer 21

McArdle’s dz (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

Question 22

name the disease: cold intolerance

Answer 22

hypothyroidism

Question 23

name the disease: conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

Answer 23

internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (MS), unilateral (stroke)

Question 24

name the disease: continuous machinery heart murmur

Answer 24

PDA (close w/ indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)

Question 25

name the disease: cutaneous / dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

Answer 25

myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, graves' dz (pretibial)

Question 26

name the disease: dark purple skin/mouth nodules

Answer 26

Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS pts (men who have sex with men); assoc. w/ HHV8

Question 27

term for deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation?

Answer 27

Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Question 28

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

Answer 28

Pellagra (niacin-B3 deficiency)

Question 29

name the disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

Answer 29

wet beriberi (thiamine B1 deficiency)

Question 30

name the disease: dog or cat bite resulting in infection

Answer 30

pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

Question 31

name the disease: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Answer 31

Sjogren's syndrome (AI destruction of exocrine glands)

Question 32

name the disease: dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

Answer 32

Plummer-vinson syndrome (may progress to squamous cell carcinoma)

Question 33

name the disease: elastic skin hypermobility of joints

Answer 33

Ehlers-danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

Question 34

term for enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

Answer 34

Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)

Question 35

name the disease: erythroderma, LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

Answer 35

sezary syndrome (cutaneous t-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides

Question 36

term for facial muscle spasm upon tapping

Answer 36

Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)

Question 37

name the disease: fat, female, forty, & fertile

Answer 37

cholelithiasis

Question 38

name the disease: fever, chills, headache, following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

Answer 38

Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

Question 39

name the disease: fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

Answer 39

measles

Question 40

name the disease: fever, night sweats, weight loss

Answer 40

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

Question 41

name the disease: fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

Answer 41

Peyronie's dz (c.t. disorder)

Question 42

name the disease: gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

Answer 42

Lesch-nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, XLR)

Question 43

name the disease: green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

Answer 43

Kayser-Fleischer rings (cu accumulation in wilson's dz)

Question 44

name the disease: hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

Answer 44

Peutz-jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk, mainly GI)

Question 45

name the disease: hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

Answer 45

gaucher's dz (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

Question 46

name the disease: hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

Answer 46

alports syndrome (mutation in alpha chain of type IV collagen)

Question 47

name the disease: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

Answer 47

Kluver-bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

Question 48

name the disease: hyperreflexia, hypertonia, babinski sign present

Answer 48

UMN damage

Question 49

name the disease: hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

Answer 49

LMN damage

Question 50

name the disease: hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

Answer 50

blue bloater (chronic bronchitis; hyperplasia of mucous cells)

Question 51

name the disease: indurated ulcerated genital lesion

Answer 51

nonpainful = chancre (syphlis) | painful w/ exudate = chancroid (Hameophilus ducreyi)

Question 52

name the disease: infant w/ cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

Answer 52

Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13)