Higher Order Functions - Left Hemisphere/Language Flashcards
(32 cards)
unimodal association cortices is ___________ and _____________.
modality specific
unidirectional
Unimodal includes what cortices?
motor association cortex (premotor and supplemental motor area)
somatosensory association cortex
visual association cortex
auditory association cortex
heteromodal is found in what 2 locations in the cortex?
frontal lobes
Parieto-occipitotemporal junction
heteromodal includes ________ mental functions and _________ connections
higher-order
bidirectional (motor, sensory, limbic)
left hemisphere includes:
analytical thought
logic, reasoning
language centers
right hemisphere includes:
perceptual integration imagination insight intuition creativity emotional drive
what is the most common asymmetry in the brain?
handedness
fMRI suggest although each hemisphere control simple movements of contralateral limbs, BUT highly skilled complex motor tasks are programmed by which hemisphere?
dominant hemisphere
language centers are predominantly in what hemisphere
left
left hemisphere is dominant for language in ____ of right handers, but also _______ of left handers
over 95%
60-70%
what is something significant seen with left-handers in regards to their language centers?
bilateral language representation so these individuals are believed to recover from language impairments quicker than right-handers
Broca’s area is in charge of what in regards to language
neural representation for words are converted into word output (i.e. speech output)
Wernicke’s area is in charge of what in regards to language
neural representation for sounds are converted into word output (i.e. language comprehension)
how to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas communicate with each other
arcuate fasciculus
what are the 4 language areas of the brain
inferior lateral primary motor cortex
frontal lobes
supra marginal gyrus and angular gyrus (parietal and temporal lobes)
visual cortex, visual association cortex
frontal lobe plays a part in what aspects in language
higher-order motor aspects of speech formation and planning
syntax
you have somatotopic representation of mouth and tongue here (inferior lateral primary motor cortex)
Broca’s area
supra marginal and angular gyri play a part in what aspects in language
lexicon (vocabulary)
writing
Wernicke’s area
visual cortex/visual association cortex plays a part in what aspects in language
reading
the path it takes: visual info -> CN II tract -> occipital lobe -> processed in visual assoc. cortex -> connect with supra marginal and angular gyri -> interpret what you read
how is the non-dominant hemisphere involved in language areas
via corpus collosum
involved in affective elements of speech (ex. sound happy when happy)
thalamus and basal ganglia
what is aphasia
neurogenic language disorder resulting from an injury to the brain (typically seen with L hemisphere injuries)
what are the symptoms of aphasia
trouble speaking clearly trouble understanding speech trouble writing clearly trouble understanding written words trouble remembering words trouble remembering object names
What is Broca’s Aphasia?
“motor aphasia”
impaired language production
these pts are usually aware of deficit
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?
impaired language comprehension (receiving and producing)
unaware of deficit
What is Global Aphasia?
Wernicke’s + Broca’s impairments
