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Neuro COPY > Higher Order Functions - Right Hemisphere/Prefrontal Cortex > Flashcards

Higher Order Functions - Right Hemisphere/Prefrontal Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

What is perception?

A

the capacity to transform info from senses and use it to interact appropriately to the environment

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2
Q

perception involves what 3 processes?

A

selective
integrative
dynamic
these all include: problem solving and memory

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3
Q

what is body image

A

visual and mental image of one’s body

perceptions, attitudes, beliefs about own body

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4
Q

what is body scheme

A

postural model of the body
includes relationship of body parts to each other and their relationship of the body to the environment (think body awareness, body experience)

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5
Q

unilateral neglect/inattention

A

failure to orient toward, respond to, or respond to, or report stimuli on the side contra to lesion despite normal sensory, motor and visual systems

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6
Q

what types of injuries are usually assoc with unilateral neglect

A

R temporparietal junction, posterior parietal lesions, dorsolateral frontal, cingulate lyric, thalamic and putamen lesions

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7
Q

what side is neglect is most common

A

left

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8
Q

What are the two classifications of unilateral neglect and what types are under each classificiation

A

modality (sensory, motor, representational)

distribution (personal, spatial)

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9
Q

Sensory Neglect

A

auditory (least common)
tactile
visual (most common)

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10
Q

Motor Neglect

A

“output neglect”
unable to generate movement in response to stimuli even if aware of what you want to do
these pts will usually have 5/5 MMT

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11
Q

Representational Neglect

A

loss of internally generated images on the contralateral side of the lesion

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12
Q

Personal Neglect

A

lack of exploration or awareness of contralateral side of the body

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13
Q

spatial neglect and what are the two different types

A

failure to acknowledge stimuli of the contralateral side of space
peripersonal
extrapersonal

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14
Q

what is peripersonal neglect

A

within reaching space

these pts will neglect things in the environment within arm’s length

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15
Q

what is extrapersonal neglect

A

everything in arm’s reach is fine but faraway is where these pts neglect

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16
Q

Asomatoagnosia

A

add in body scheme impairment
lack of awareness or presence of and/or relationship of body parts
“that’s not my arm”

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17
Q

Position-in-space disorder

A

decreased ability to perceive and interpret spatial concepts
ex. these pts can walk to the sink but if you tell them to go behind the pingpong table they won’t be able to get to the sink

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18
Q

Right-left discrimination

A

decreased differentiation bw R/L with bod parts and following directions

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19
Q

Topographical disorientation

A

difficulty perceiving relationships from one location to another in the enviornment
ex. these pts can read the directions but when it actually comes to making a turn on that road they will miss the turn

20
Q

figure ground

A

inability to distinguish a figure from the background in which it is embedded
ex. someone wearing a red dress in front of red background these pts won’t see the person

21
Q

spatial relations disorder

A

inability to perceive relationship of one object in space to another object or to oneself

22
Q

depth and distance perception

A

inaccurate judgement of direction, distance, and depth

23
Q

vertical disorientation/midline disorientation

A

cannot identify when body is in middle
this is a body scheme disorder
ex. when you walk into Ms Jones room and she is sitting kinda crooked instead of sitting up straight/right

24
Q

agnosia and what are the 3 types

A

decreased ability to recognize stimuli despite intact sensory function
visual, auditory, tactile

25
Q

visual agnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar objects despite normal eye function
ex. prosopagnosia (inability to recognize familiar faces)

26
Q

auditory agnosia

A

inability to recognize non-speech sounds or to discriminate bw them
ex. was that the doorbell or the phone ringing?

27
Q

tactile agnosia has 2 aspects what are they and what do they do

A

asterognosis - inability to recognize objects when handling them, despite normal tactile sensations
agraphesthesia - inability to recognize symbols when traced on the skin

28
Q

what is an agnosia with body scheme impairment

A

anosognosia

29
Q

what is anosognosia

A

severe condition
these pts believe they are fine with everything (they are in denial about deficits)
may also demonstrate asterognosis
maybe an injury to supra marginal gyrus?

30
Q

apraxia

A

impairment of voluntary, skilled, well-learned movement without deficits in motor, sensory, or coordination

31
Q

apraxia is typically seen with lesions to what 2 areas and what side

A

left/dominant frontal or parietal

32
Q

what are the two types of apraxia

A

ideomotor

ideational

33
Q

what is ideomotor apraxia

A

breakdown bw concept and performance

ex. this pt can tell you exactly how to pickup the cup but then they cannot pickup the cup

34
Q

what is ideational apraxia

A

failure in the conceptualization of the task

ex. these pts cannot tell you how to pickup the cup and cannot pickup the cup

35
Q

The frontal lobe makes up how much of the cortex

A

1/3

36
Q

Prefrontal cortex takes up what % of the brain

A

10%

37
Q

the prefrontal cortex functions to ___________.

A

orchestrate thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals

38
Q

what is prefrontal cortex best known for its role in? and What aspects fall under this umbrella?

A

executive function

planning, decision making, problem solving, self control, acting with LT goals in mind

39
Q

what are the 3 cortices that are part of the prefrontal cortex

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex
ventromedial prefrontal cortex

40
Q

what is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in charge of

A

switching attention working memory, maintaining abstract rules, and inhibiting inappropriate responses

41
Q

what is orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex

A

decision making

42
Q

what is the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in charge of

A

emotional processing, aid decision making, ST memory, self-perception, social cognition

43
Q

where do we see connections to/from prefrontal cortex

A 
association cortices
limbic cortex
amygdala
hippocampus
thalamus (mediodorsal nu)
BG
44
Q

what are the 3 functions of the frontal lobes

A

restraint
initiative
order

45
Q

what are the 5 symptoms of frontal lobe lesions

A

disinhibition (silly behavior, crass jokes, aggressive outburst)
innappropriate jocularity (ex. laugh at funeral)
limited insight
utilization behavior/environmental dependence (respond to whatever stimuli at hand even when not appropriate)
frontal release signs (ex. palmar reflex, grasp reflex, sucking reflex, etc)

Neuro COPY (4 decks)

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