hip conditions in children Flashcards
what is developmental hip dysplasia (DDH)?
acetabulum which is not formed correctly (mostly unilatera)
what are children with DDH at risk for?
posterior and superior hip dislocation
what are the risk factors for developmental hip dysplasia?
0-4 yrs
females
breech babies
swaddled babies
what are common examination findings in children with DDH?
unilateral hip abduction in flexion
+ve Galezzi sign (fully flex legs while supine, +ve if knees are not the same height)
hip abduction limited to 60°
asymmetry of creases in legs
what is Legg-Calve-Perthe’s disease?
AVN of the femoral head of children (leads to flattening of the femoral head)
who is at risk for legg-calve-perthe’s diseae?
4-8 yrs
boys
history of trauma
what are s&s of legg-calve-perthes’ disease?
painful limp
groin, anterior thigh and knee pain
decreased internal rotation of hip
what are the x-ray findings of legg-calve-perthes’ disease?
waldenstrom’s sign
bite erosion
snow-capping of femoral head
crescent forming
mushroom deformity
what is transient synovitis?
inflammation of the synovium around the hip
what age group is at most risk for developing transient synovitis?
4-8 yrs
what are s&s of transient synovitis
sudden onset of hip pain
limp
loss of internal rotation and abduction
(history of trauma or upper respiratory tract infection)
what is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
fracture through the developing femoral growth plate causing the femoral head to slip
who is at most risk for developing a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
10-15 yrs
boys
recently undergone growth spurt
obese
what are s&s of slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
insidious groin, hip, thigh and knee pain
limited and painful ROM
+ve drehmann’s sign (external rotation during hip flexion)
what are the x-ray findings in slipped capital femoral epyphysis?
klein’s line (superior femoral neck) does not pass through the femoral epiphysis
