arm conditions

Question 1

what are s&s of pancoast tumour?

Answer 1

persistent arm pain and numbness (upper medial arm, 4th and 5th digit)
weakness of hands (intrinsic muscles and finger flexors)
horner’s syndrome
signs of lung cancer (cough, SOB, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, haemoptosis)

Question 2

what are the signs of horner syndrome

Answer 2

miosis (pupil constriction)
ptosis (drooping of eyelid)
semi-facial anhidrosis (sweating of half of the face)

Question 3

what diagnosis can pancoast tumour mimic?

Answer 3

thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 4

which structures of the brachial plexus are first affected by pancoast tumour?

Answer 4

lower branches of brachial plexus (C8-T1)

Question 5

what symptoms can be expected in a LMNL?

Answer 5

decreased deep tendon reflexes
weakness
atrophy
fasciculations
hypo-reflexia

Question 6

which conditions involve median nerve entrapment?

Answer 6

pronator teres syndrome
carpal tunnel syndrome
high median nerve tunnel syndrome

Question 7

what is the sensory innervation of the median nerve?

Answer 7

the dorsal aspect of the thumb and index finger
the palmar aspect of the thumb, index middle and half of the ring finger
the palm of the hand
the medial forearm

Question 8

which muscles does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 8

pronator teres
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 9

what are s&s of pronator teres syndrome?

Answer 9

aching pain in the proximal forearm
pain worse by exercise

Question 10

what are s&s of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 10

tingling/numbness of palmar aspect of thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger
shaking hands reliefs pain
wakes patient at night

Question 11

which special tests are positive in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 11

tinel’s
phalen’s
carpal tunnel compression test

Question 12

which conditions involve ulnar nerve entrapment?

Answer 12

cubital tunnel syndrome
guyon’s canal syndrome

Question 13

which muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Answer 13

forearm flexors including:
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus

Question 14

what is the sensory innervation of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 14

medial forearm
medial wrist
dorsal and palmar aspect of the little and half of the ring finger

Question 15

where is the cubital tunnel in the elbow?

Answer 15

between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon of the ulna

Question 16

what are s&s of the cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 16

aching pain around the medial epicondyle
worse by repetitive movement

Question 17

why type of sport/profession is risk factor for cubital tunnels syndrome?

Answer 17

throwing sports
racquet sports
desk work

Question 18

which structures form guyon’s canal?

Answer 18

pisiform
hamate
piso-hamate ligament

Question 19

what are s&s of guyon’s canal syndrome?

Answer 19

paraesthesia and tingling of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
cold intolerance of the hand

Question 20

what type of sport is a risk factor for Guyon canal syndrome?

Answer 20

cycling

Question 21

which condition involves radial nerve entrapment?

Answer 21

arcade of Frohse

Question 22

what structures from the arcade of frohse?

Answer 22

fibrous band between two heads of the supinator muscle

Question 23

which structures are innervated by the sensory branches of the radial nerve?

Answer 23

the anterolateral arm
distal posterior arm
posterior forearm
posterolateral wrist and hand

Question 24

which muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?

Answer 24

triceps branchii
anconeus
extrinsic extensors of wrist and hand

Question 25

which branch of the radial nerve is entrapped in the arcade of frohse?

Answer 25

posterior interosseous nerve

Question 26

what are s&s of arcade of frohse entrapment?

Answer 26

pain over arcade of frohse pain on supination

Question 27

what causes a burner or stinger?

Answer 27

sudden lateral flexion of the neck + depression of the shoulder leading to traction of the brachial plexus

Question 28

what are symptoms of a burner or stinger?

Answer 28

neck pain pain and numbness in the arm weakness of the arm tingling in the arm

Question 29

what is brachial neuritis or neuralgic amytrophy?

Answer 29

nerve damage that affects the chest, shoulder and arm

Question 30

what are s&s of brachial neuritis?

Answer 30

acute onset excruciating unilateral shoulder pain flaccid paralysis of the shoulder

Question 31

what is thoracic outlet syndrome caused by?

Answer 31

compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein between the shoulder girdle and the 1st rib

Question 32

what are s&s of TOS?

Answer 32

pain in arm, shoulder and chest hands feel like it is going to sleep hand weakness

Question 33

which special test's are positive in TOS?

Answer 33

roo's Adson's and reversed Adsons hyperabduction test costoclavicular test