Hip/Knee/Thigh Exam questions Flashcards
(40 cards)
Hip Joint Classification
- Diarthrodial
- Ball and Socket
- Multiaxial
- Simple
- Complex
Zone of Femur Weakness
- Superior and lateral neck of femur (trabecular system)
- Common fracture site
Hip Open Packed postion
- 30 degrees flex
- 30 degress ABD
- Slight ER
Hip Closed Packed positions(2)
- Ligamentous: Ext, IR and ABD
2. Bony: Full Flex, ABD, and ER
2-Joint limiters of hip ROM
- Flexion: Hamstrings
- Extension: Rectus Femoris
- Abduction: Gracilis
- Adduction: TFL
Iliofemoral Ligament
- Checks hip hyperextension and ER
- Superior fibers limit hip adduction
Pubofemoral Ligament
-Checks hip extension and hip Abduction
Ishciofemoral ligament
- Checks excessive hip extension
- Posterior fibers check IR
- When hip is flexed, checks Adduction
Transverse acetabular ligament
- Provides shock absorption to the hip joint
- Protects neuromuscular supply to head of femur
Ligamentum Teres
- Acetabular notch and foss to the fovea of the femoral head
- Contains femur artery
Bursae of the Hip
- Iliopectineal bursa
- Ishiogluteal bursa
- Greater Trochanteric Bursa
Femoral Triangle
Superior = Inguinal Ligament Medial = Adductor Longus Lateral = Sartorius
(Medial to lateral) Femoral Vein-Artery-Nerve
Adductor Canal
- Subsartorial canal/Hunter’s canal
- Musculo-fascial canal
- Descends medially down thigh and posteriorly through the adductor hiatus (adductor magnus) to pass posterior to the knee region
- Femoral artery-vein-spahenous nerve
Adductor Hiatus
Boundaries:
-Medial = Portion of the tendon of the adductor mag that attaches to the adductor tubercle
-Lateral = insertion of the adductor mag into the linea aspera
-Inferior = femur
Contents: Femoral artery and vein, which turn into popliteal artery and vein
Genu Valgum
- Medial TF angle > 195 degrees
- Compressive forces on lateral condyles
- Tensile forces on medial structures
Genu Varum
- Medial TF angle <180 degrees
- Compressive forces on medial condyles
- Tensile forces on later structures
Genu Recurvatum
- Stresses posterior joint capsule and related structures
- May result in adaptive lengthening
Tibiofemoral joint Classification
- Diarthrodial (synovial)
- Bicondylar
- Biaxial
- Compound
- Complex (menisci)
Functional ROM (sagittal plane)
- Gait = 60 degrees knee flexion
- Stairs = 80 degrees knee flexion
- Sitting = 90 degrees knee flexion
Screw Home: OKC
- ER of tibia
- lateral tibial condyle completes motion first
- CPP = full extension
- 30 to 0 degrees
Screw Home: CKC
- IR of femur
- 30 to 0 degrees
- LFC completes motion first
Patellofemoral Joint
- Diarthrodial
- Planar
Patella Tracking
- Knee ext: slight lateral tilt
- Medial tilt: 0-30 degrees of flex and >100 degrees
- Lateral tilt: 30-100 degrees of flex
Rotation:
- Med rotation = inferior pole moves medially with tibial IR
- Lat rotation = inferior pole moves laterally with tibial ER
Glide:
- Medial glide: knee flexion
- Lateral glide: Extension
Joint Reaction Forces with knee flexion
- Stair climbing JRF = 3.3 x body weight
- Squats JRF = 7.8 x body weight
