Hip Region 1

Question 1

What are the main veins in the superficial fascia of the lower limb?

Answer 1

Greater saphenous vein
Lesser saphenous vein
Cutaneous nerves

Question 2

What are the main types of deep fascia in the lower limb?

Answer 2

Fascia Lata (gluteal)
Popliteal fascia
Crural fascia
Plantar fascia

Question 3

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 3

Femoral nerve

Question 4

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 4

Obturator nerve

Question 5

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 5

Sciatic nerve (tibial branch)

Question 6

What is the function of the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 6

Extend knee, flex hip

Question 7

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?

Answer 7

Adduction of hip

Question 8

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 8

Extend hip, flex knee

Question 9

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 9

Deep fibular nerve

Question 10

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the leg?

Answer 10

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 11

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 11

Tibial nerve

Question 12

What is the function of the anterior muscles of the leg?

Answer 12

Dorsiflexion of foot

Question 13

What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 13

Eversion of foot

Question 14

What is the function of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 14

Plantar flexion

Question 15

What is the function of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 15

Flexors of digits

Inversion of foot

Question 16

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 16

Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior

Question 17

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 17

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

Question 18

What is the blood supply to the anterior leg?

Answer 18

Anterior tibial artery

Question 19

What is the blood supply to the lateral leg?

Answer 19

Fibular artery

Question 20

What is the blood supply to the posterior leg?

Answer 20

Posterior tibial artery

Question 21

What are the six main nerves of the lower limb?

Answer 21

Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Femoral 
Obturator
Sciatic - tibial 
Sciatic - common fibula (deep and superficial)

Question 22

What is the main artery of the lower limb?

Answer 22

Femoral artery (from external iliac)

Question 23

What are the four pulse points of the lower limb?

Answer 23

Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis

Question 24

What does the lesser saphenous vein pierce?

Answer 24

Deep fascia

Question 25

Which lymph nodes receive lymph from lower back and gluteal region?

Answer 25

Inguinal lymph nodes

Question 26

Which direction of extension of the hip is more restricted?

Answer 26

Backwards as the ligaments tighten up

Question 27

What happens to hip ligaments during flexion of the hip?

Answer 27

They relax

Question 28

During what movement is dislocation of the hip more likely to occur?

Answer 28

Flexion of hip

Question 29

What limits abduction of the hip?

Answer 29

Greater trochanter of femur - gets v close to pelvis

Question 30

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 30

The hip socket

Question 31

What goes through the acetabular notch?

Answer 31

Obturator nerve

Question 32

What attaches to the lunate surface of the acetabulum?

Answer 32

Femur

Question 33

What attaches to the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

Answer 33

Lateral rotators of the hip joint

Question 34

Around which axis does rotation happen?

Answer 34

Mechanical axis

Question 35

Which age group have a higher angle of inclination of the hip? What is the name for this?

Answer 35

Children | Coxa valga

Question 36

Do women have a higher or lower angle of inclination? What is the name for this?

Answer 36

Lower | Coxa vara

Question 37

What is the angle of declination?

Answer 37

Puts shaft of femur further away from head due to centres of gravity

Question 38

What causes toe in gate?

Answer 38

Excessive angle of declination - puts strain on hip joint | Patients readjust angle to make hips more in alignment

Question 39

What deepens the lunate surface?

Answer 39

Ring of cartilage

Question 40

What does the acetabular labrum do?

Answer 40

Deepens the socket

Question 41

What are the capsular ligaments?

Answer 41

``` Strengthen hip capsule V strong 1. Iliofemoral ligament 2. Pubofemoral ligament 3. Ischiofemoral ligament ```

Question 42

What stabilises the hip joint?

Answer 42

Ligaments (esp) Depth of socket Muscle tone

Question 43

What causes 'bean stance'?

Answer 43

Muscle tone relaxation Ligaments take up the strain Tendency to arch back e.g. in cerebral palsy

Question 44

What is the key blood supply to the hip joint?

Answer 44

Profunda femoris artery

Question 45

Which arteries are important for the blood supply to the head of the femur?

Answer 45

Circumflex femoral arteries

Question 46

What kind of fracture of the hip can interrupt the blood supply?

Answer 46

Fracture through neck of femur | - interrupts retinacular branches

Question 47

Which way does the leg turn in a hip joint dislocation?

Answer 47

Leg turns inwards

Question 48

What condition is associated with hip fracture?

Answer 48

Osteoporosis (esp in women)

Question 49

Which way does the leg turn in a hip fracture?

Answer 49

Outwards

Question 50

Which line is disrupted in a hip dislocation and a hip fracture?

Answer 50

Shenton's line

Question 51

What does a femoral neck fracture cause?

Answer 51

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head