Hip Region 2

Question 1

Which 2 things pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 1

Sciatic nerve

Piriformis muscle

Question 2

What is the function of gluteus maximus?

Answer 2

Extensor of hip and lateral rotator

Question 3

What is the function of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 3

Abductors of hip
Medial rotators
Pelvic stabilisers - prevent falling when standing on one leg (anti gravity muscle)

Question 4

When is gluteus maximus used?

Answer 4

When acting against gravity,

e.g. standing up/climbing stairs

Question 5

Which ligament does gluteus maximus attach to?

Answer 5

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 6

What is the fascia lata?

Answer 6

Deep fascia of the thigh

Question 7

What is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 7

Longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata

Question 8

Which nerve roots supply gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

L5, S1 and S2

Question 9

Which nerve root supplying gluteus max is commonly damaged?

Answer 9

L5

Question 10

Why does weightlifting cause lateral knee pain?

Answer 10

Over use of gluteus maximus - stretching of the iliotibial band

Question 11

What is the distal attachment of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

Answer 11

Greater trochanter of femur

Question 12

Which muscles are the lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 12

Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Obturator internus

Question 13

What does the perforating cutaneous nerve perforate?

Answer 13

Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 14

Which 3 arteries supply the gluteal region?

Answer 14

Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery

Question 15

What is the safe region for a gluteal injection?

Answer 15

Upper lateral quadrant (avoids sciatic nerve)

Question 16

Do children have a higher or lower angle of inclination?

Answer 16

Higher

Coxa valga

Question 17

What are symptoms of sciatic nerve damage?

Answer 17

Pain and paralysis from knee joint down

Foot drop

Question 18

What are the three nerves of the thigh?

Answer 18

Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic

Question 19

What are the three openings from the abdomen/pelvis?

Answer 19

Femoral (unnamed)
Obturator canal
Greater sciatic foramen

Question 20

What is the blood supply to the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh?

Answer 20

Profunda femoris artery

Question 21

What are the 7 muscles of the anterior thigh?

Answer 21

Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Psoas major
Iliacus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

Question 22

What are the 6 muscles of the medial thigh?

Answer 22

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectineus

Question 23

What are the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh?

Answer 23

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (long and short heads)

Question 24

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 24

Hinge joint

Question 25

Which muscle is the main lateral rotator of the knee?

Answer 25

Biceps femoris

Question 26

Which muscles are involved in extension of the knee?

Answer 26

Quadriceps femoris = rectus femoris and vasti muscles

Question 27

What forms the femoral triangle?

Answer 27

Inguinal ligament Sartorius Adductor longus

Question 28

What is the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 28

Fasica lata

Question 29

What is the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 29

Pectineus Iliopsoas Adductor longus

Question 30

List the contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 30

Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Femoral canal

Question 31

What are the borders of the diamond shaped popliteal fossa?

Answer 31

Semimembranosus Biceps femoris Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 32

What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 32

Popliteal fascia and skin

Question 33

What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 33

Posterior surface of knee joint and posterior surface of femur

Question 34

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 34

Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve

Question 35

What is found embedded in the popliteal fascia?

Answer 35

Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 36

What are the two main causes of swellings in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 36

1. Baker's cyst | 2. Popliteal aneurysm

Question 37

Which nerve may be compressed by a popliteal aneurysm?

Answer 37

Tibial nerve

Question 38

What is Baker's cyst?

Answer 38

Inflammation and swelling of semimembranosus bursa (bursitis)

Question 39

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip/ congenital hip dislocation?

Answer 39

The hip joint does not develop properly in babies/children Hip socket is too shallow - may dislocate

Question 40

What is Perthe's disease?

Answer 40

Spontaneous avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 41

What is slipped femoral epiphysis?

Answer 41

Common in early teens. Backwards hip dislocation. Growth plate fractures common.

Question 42

What is osteoarthritis of hip?

Answer 42

Loss of cartilage - osteophytes develop where there is stress (painful/difficult to move)