Histo I: Epithelial tissue, hematology

Question 1

membranous cellular organelles, name 5

Answer 1

golgi complex, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes

Question 2

non-membranous cellular organelles, name 4

Answer 2

microfilaments, microtubules, ribosomes, centrioles

Question 3

special organelles in epithelial tissue cells

Answer 3

tonofibrils

Question 4

special organelles in muscle tissue cells

Answer 4

myofibrils

Question 5

special organelles in nervous tissue cells

Answer 5

neurofibrils

Question 6

trophic cellular inclusions, name 3

Answer 6

proteins, lipids, glycogen

Question 7

name the two divisions of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

surface epithelium and glandular epithelium

Question 8

name 4 types of simple epithelium

Answer 8

squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified

Question 9

name 2 types of stratified epithelium

Answer 9

squamous (keratinized and non) and transitional

Question 10

main characteristic of simple epithelium

Answer 10

all cells lie in contact of basal membrane

Question 11

main characteristic of stratified epithelium

Answer 11

only basal cells lie on basal membrane

Question 12

describe simple squamous epithelium

Answer 12

attenuated polygonal (thicker nucleus)

Question 13

describe simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 13

single layer cuboidal (nuclei round, apical surface may have microvilli, brush border or cilia )

Question 14

where is simple squamous epithelium found

Answer 14

endothelium, mesothelium, thin segment of Henle’s loop

Question 15

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found

Answer 15

proximal and distal tubules of the nephron, ovarian germinate superficial epithelium, pigment epithelium of retina

Question 16

describe simple columnar epithelium

Answer 16

single layer of tall and slender columnar cells (elongated nuclei, well developed organelles, apical surface may have microvilli, striated border, cilia)

Question 17

what can simple columnar epithelium be composed of

Answer 17

absorbtive cells, goblet cells, endocrinocytes

Question 18

where is simple columnar epithelium found

Answer 18

gastrointestinal tract, in small bronchi and bronchioles

Question 19

describe pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 19

a mix of cells where all rest on the basement membrane but all do not reach free surface

Question 20

what is pseudostratified epithelium made up of (name 4)

Answer 20

columnar ciliated cells, goblet cells, non-differentiated basal cells, conical interlaced cells

Question 21

where is pseudostratified epithelium found

Answer 21

respiratory mucosa, nasal cavities, trachea, and large bronchi

Question 22

describe stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Answer 22

several layers of cells, only basal cells contact the basement membrane and towards the free surface cells are transformed into “scales”

Question 23

where is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium found

Answer 23

oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx

Question 24

describe stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Answer 24

multilayer in which only basal cells contact basal lamina and cells overlying basal layer are transformed during keratinization into horny “scales”

Question 25

where is stratified squamous keratinized epithelium found

Answer 25

epidermis

Question 26

describe transitional epithelium

Answer 26

multilayered, capable of changing shape with physiological transition

Question 27

where is transitional epithelium found

Answer 27

renal pelvis, urinary tract and bladder

Question 28

2 parts of basement membrane

Answer 28

basal lamina and reticular lamina

Question 29

microvilli main function

Answer 29

absorption

Question 30

what are stereocilia

Answer 30

very long non-motile microvilli

Question 31

on what cells do stereocilia occur

Answer 31

columnar epithelial cells

Question 32

function of stereocilia (2 functions)

Answer 32

increase the absorption surface area of cells and function as mechanoreceptors

Question 33

main function of glandular epithelium

Answer 33

secretion

Question 34

what can glands secrete

Answer 34

mucus, enzymes, or hormones

Question 35

what are secretory cells of the gland are referred to as

Answer 35

parenchyma

Question 36

connective tissue, which supports the gland is called

Answer 36

stroma

Question 37

what does stroma do in addition to gland support

Answer 37

blood and nerve supply, lymphatic drainage

Question 38

name two classifications of glands

Answer 38

exocrine glands with ducts, and endocrine glands without ducts

Question 39

Life span of epithelial cells

Answer 39

varies from 3 days (intestinal cells) to 90 days (epidermis; usually 4-6 weeks)

Question 40

what does blood consist of

Answer 40

blood plasma, WBCs/leukocytes, RBCs/erythrocytes, platelets/thrombocytes

Question 41

Primary plasma proteins

Answer 41

albumin, globulins and fibrinogen

Question 42

describe erythrocytes

Answer 42

small, disc-shaped cells without nuclei

Question 43

two main types of leukocytes

Answer 43

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 44

granulocyte subdivisions

Answer 44

eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils

Question 45

agranulocyte subdivisions

Answer 45

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 46

WBC nucleus has several lobules (2-5) interconnected by thinner strands of nuclear material. What cell is it likely to be?

Answer 46

neutrophil

Question 47

WBC nucleus usually has two lobes, cytoplasm contains large granules. What cell is it likely to be?

Answer 47

eosinophil

Question 48

WBC nucleus is irregular in shape and may possess more than one lobe, contains large granules. What cell is it likely to be?

Answer 48

basophil

Question 49

Round nucleus with a thin rim of clear cytoplasm. What cell is it likely to be?

Answer 49

lymphocyte

Question 50

two main types of lymphocytes

Answer 50

T and B

Question 51

T cells are involved in what function

Answer 51

cell-mediated immunity

Question 52

B cells are involved in what function

Answer 52

production of circulating antibodies

Question 53

WBC with ovoid nucleus, often indented and have abundant cytoplasm. What cell is it likely to be?

Answer 53

monocyte

Question 54

what is hemopoiesis, erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, thrombopoiesis

Answer 54

formation of blood cells (hemo-) and different blood cells

Question 55

where are blood cells formed in an adult

Answer 55

in the red bone marrow (long bones)

Question 56

basic steps of erythropoiesis

Answer 56

red bone marrow: begins as stem cell, growth, hemoglobin begins appearing in cell, nucleus expelled, new RBC enters circulation as reticulocyte

Question 57

name 3 different ways to classify exocrine glands

Answer 57

relationship to surface epithelium; number of layers of glandular cells in the secretory portion; shape of secretory end portion