Histology II: Urinary system

Question 1

What parts does the urinary system consist of?

Answer 1

paired kidneys;
paired ureters,
urinary bladder;
and the urethra

Question 2

Kidney 3 main/basic functions?

Answer 2

conserve body fluid and electrolytes
remove metabolic waste
endocrine organ

Question 3

What type of organ is the kidney classified as?

Answer 3

compact organ

Question 4

Kidney surface covered by?

Answer 4

fibrous connective tissue capsule

Question 5

What structure can be found on the medial renal border through which the renal vessels and nerve pass?

Answer 5

renal hilum

Question 6

What is the funnel-shaped origin of the ureter called?

Answer 6

the renal pelvis

Question 7

Renal parenchyma divided into what main parts?

Answer 7

renal cortex and medulla

Question 8

The cortex consists of?

Answer 8

renal corpuscles
convoluted and straight tubules of the nephron,
the collecting tubules,
collecting ducts

Question 9

Basic functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 9

nephron

Question 10

Describe the renal corpuscles.

Answer 10

spherical structures, that constitute the beginning segment of the nephron and contain the unique capillary network called the glomerulus.

Question 11

The cortex of the kidney reveals a series of vertical striations that appear to emanate from the medulla. What are these?

Answer 11

medullary rays

Question 12

Each medullary ray is..?

Answer 12

an aggregation of straight tubules of nephrons, and collecting ducts.

Question 13

The regions between medullary rays contain?

Answer 13

the renal corpuscles, the convoluted tubules of the nephron and the collecting tubules.

Question 14

The medulla is characterized by..?

Answer 14

straight tubules,
collecting ducts, and
a special capillary network, the vasa recta.

Question 15

Which structures continue between the cortex and the medulla?

Answer 15

The straight tubules and

collecting ducts of the nephron

Question 16

What is the medullary capillary network called?

Answer 16

the vasa recta

Question 17

What exactly are referred to as the pyramids of the kidney?

Answer 17

The pyramids consisting of tubules that form a number of conical structures.

Question 18

How’re the pyramids situated in the kidney?

Answer 18

The bases of the pyramids face the cortex and the apices face the hilum.

Question 19

What forms the renal columns?

Answer 19

The caps of the cortical tissue that lie over the pyramids and extend peripherally around the lateral portions of the pyramids, forming the renal columns.

Question 20

What is a renal papilla?

Answer 20

are part of the medulla,

the apical portion of the renal pyramid.

Question 21

Where are the renal papillas situated?

Answer 21

they project toward the hilus into the minor calyces

Question 22

What are the cup-shaped structures that extend the renal pelvis?

Answer 22

calyces

sg. calyx

Question 23

What are the minor calyces?

Answer 23

branches of the two or three major calyces that run in the major divisions of the renal pelvis.

Question 24

What constitutes a lobe of the kidney?

Answer 24

Each medullary pyramid, associated cortical tissue at its base and sides, a collecting duct and all the nephrons that it drains - constitute a lobe.

Question 25

What does a nephron consist of?

Answer 25

a renal corpuscle and, a cortical and medullary tubular system

Question 26

What parts does the renal corpuscle consist of?

Answer 26

the glomerulus | the surrounding visceral and parietal epithelial layers of Bowman`s capsule.

Question 27

What is the urinary space of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 27

The space between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman`s capsule is called the urinary space.

Question 28

Name Bowman's capsule's poles.

Answer 28

vascular pole and tubular pole

Question 29

Describe the vascular pole of Bowman's capsule.

Answer 29

is the site at which afferent arterioles enter and efferent arterioles leave.

Question 30

Describe the tubular pole of Bowman's capsule.

Answer 30

is the beginning of the tubular system of the nephron.

Question 31

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 31

a complex network of capillaries

Question 32

What is the first portion of tube leaving Bowman's capsule?

Answer 32

Proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight tubule.

Question 33

What is the "middle" portion of the nephronic tubule?

Answer 33

loop of Henle

Question 34

What is the last portion of the nephronic tubule?

Answer 34

distal straight tubule and distal convoluted tubule.

Question 35

What is the distal convoluted tubule connected to?

Answer 35

the collecting duct

Question 36

What comprises the lower urinary tract?

Answer 36

``` the calyceal collecting system the renal pelvis ureter bladder urethra ```

Question 37

What type of epithelium lines the lower urinary tract (except distal urethra) ?

Answer 37

Transitional epithelium lines calyces, ureters, bladder, and the initial segment of the urethra.

Question 38

The urinary passages contain what muscle layers?

Answer 38

1. Smooth muscle inner layer arranged in a loose spiral described as a longitudinal layer. 2. layer is arranged in a tight spiral described as a circular layer. 3. In the bladder, additional third outer longitudinal layer exists.