Histo LAB EXE 5

Question 1

What is blood?

Answer 1

Blood is the red liquid that circulates in blood vessels.

Question 2

What are the two major components of blood?

Answer 2

The two major components of blood are:

Plasma (liquid component)

Cellular elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

Question 3

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 3

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are responsible for the red color of blood and contain hemoglobin, which is a respiratory pigment.

Question 4

What are the three main types of cellular elements in blood?

Answer 4

three main types are:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes),
White blood cells (leukocytes), and
Platelets (thrombocytes).

Question 5

What is plasma?

Answer 5

Plasma is the liquid vehicle of blood that is yellowish in color and transparent.

Question 6

What gives blood its red color?

Answer 6

The red blood cells (erythrocytes) are responsible for the red color of blood.

Question 7

What is hemoglobin, and where is it found?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin is a respiratory pigment found in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen.

Question 8

What makes white blood cells “true cells”?

Answer 8

White blood cells are considered true cells because they have a nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 9

What are the two main categories of white blood cells?

Answer 9

Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils)

Agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)

Question 10

What are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 10

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

Question 11

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

Answer 11

The two types of agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes.

Question 12

What are platelets?

Answer 12

Platelets are small, colorless, non-nucleated cells important for blood coagulation.

Question 13

What is the primary function of platelets?

Answer 13

Platelets play a crucial role in blood coagulation (clotting).

Question 14

How do avian blood cells differ from mammalian blood cells?

Answer 14

Avian blood cells may present distinct features that are different from mammalian blood cells.

Question 15

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 15

Erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks that are rounded in most mammalian species.

Question 16

How do erythrocytes appear when stained?

Answer 16

Erythrocytes stain pink with routine stains.

Question 17

What is rouleaux formation?

Answer 17

Rouleaux formation is the stacking or piling up of RBCs on top of each other.

Question 18

Which species exhibit rouleaux formation?

Answer 18

Canine, feline, equine, and porcine erythrocytes

Question 19

What causes the central pallor in erythrocytes?

Answer 19

The concavity of the cells causes central pallor (paleness in the middle of the RBC).

Question 20

Rank the central pallor visibility among different species from most to least prominent.

Answer 20

Most prominent: Canine
Less prominent: Feline
Slight: Equine
Faint: Ovine
Difficult to observe: Bovine
Absent: Caprine
Variable: Porcine

Question 21

What is a distinguishing feature of neutrophils?

Answer 21

Neutrophils have a lobed nucleus that varies in shape between species.

Question 22

Describe the neutrophil nucleus in canines.

Answer 22

The lobes are joined by narrow strands.

Question 23

Describe the neutrophil nucleus in felines.

Answer 23

The lobes are joined by filaments and are usually coiled.

Question 24

Describe the neutrophil nucleus in equines.

Answer 24

The lobes are clumped, and filaments are rare.

Question 25

Describe the neutrophil nucleus in bovines.

Answer 25

There is one lobe connected to the main nucleus by a filament.

Question 26

Describe the neutrophil nucleus in caprines.

Answer 26

The lobes are connected by filaments.

Question 27

Describe the neutrophil nucleus in porcines.

Answer 27

The lobes are coiled and connected by strictures, and filaments are rare.

Question 28

How do avian lymphocytes compare to mammalian lymphocytes?

Answer 28

They resemble their mammalian counterparts in shape, size variation, and function.

Question 29

What are the characteristics of avian lymphocytes?

Answer 29

They range from small to large in size. They have a round nucleus and scant cytoplasm.

Question 30

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 30

They function in the immune response, particularly as T and B cells.

Question 31

Are lymphocytes common in birds and mammals?

Answer 31

Yes, they are found in high numbers in both birds and mammals.

Question 32

How do avian lymphocyte counts compare to mammalian lymphocyte counts?

Answer 32

Avian lymphocyte counts tend to be higher than those in mammals.

Question 33

How do avian monocytes compare to mammalian monocytes?

Answer 33

They are similar in shape, size variation, and function but may appear more vacuolated in birds.

Question 34

What is the size and shape of monocytes? In avian.

Answer 34

They are the largest type of WBC, with a kidney-shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm.

Question 35

What is the primary function of monocytes? In avian

Answer 35

They function in phagocytosis and transform into macrophages in tissues.

Question 36

Are monocytes present in both birds and mammals?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

How do avian monocytes differ in appearance from mammalian monocytes?

Answer 37

Avian monocytes tend to be more vacuolated than their mammalian counterparts.

Question 38

How do eosinophil granules appear in different species?

Answer 38

Canine: Pale pink, small amount Feline: Gray-pink, rod-shaped, refractile, numerous Equine: Gray-pink, large round to oval red Bovine: Gray-light pink to red, small red Caprine: Gray-light pink to red, small round red Porcine: Pale blue, pale pink, orange

Question 39

Which species have eosinophil granules that are refractile and rod-shaped?

Answer 39

Feline

Question 40

Which species has pale blue eosinophil granules?

Answer 40

Porcine

Question 41

How does nucleus visibility differ in eosinophils among species?

Answer 41

Canine: Visible Feline: Obscured by granules Equine: Orange obscured by granules Bovine: Partially covered by granules Caprine: Obscured by granules Porcine: Partially obscured by granules

Question 42

Which species have eosinophil nuclei that are completely obscured by granules?

Answer 42

Feline, Equine, and Caprine

Question 43

How do basophil granules appear in different species?

Answer 43

Canine: Dissolved by processing Feline: Many small, round, light lavender Equine: Purple small granules Bovine: Metachromatic to blue Caprine: Purple with red halo Porcine: Red-purple, coccoid or dumbbell-shaped

Question 44

Which species’ basophil granules dissolve during processing?

Answer 44

Canine

Question 45

Which species’ basophil granules have red purple coccoid or dumbbell shape

Answer 45

Porcine

Question 46

Small Lymphocytes of different species morphology:

Answer 46

Canine is common Feline is predominant Equine is predominant Bovine,caprine, porcine has many small lymphocytes

Question 47

Large Lymphocytes of different species morphology:

Answer 47

Canine is Rare Feline is Rare Equine is Rare Bovine,caprine, porcine has present medium lymphocytes

Question 48

Large Lymphocytes of different species morphology:

Answer 48

Canine is common Feline is predominant Equine is predominant Bovine,caprine, porcine has many small lymphocytes

Question 49

Monocytes of different species morphology: in terms of nucleus

Answer 49

Canine has C- shaped nucleus Feline has C shaped Equine is kidney shaped monocyte nucleus Bovine monocyte nucleus is difficult to identify Caprine has oval indented or trilobed monocyte nucleus Porcine has kidney or bean shape monocyte nucleus