Lecture 16 ORGANOLOGY

Question 1

What is organology?

Answer 1

Organology is the study of the morphology of the organ systems of the body.

Question 2

It is the study of the morphology of the organ systems of the body.

Answer 2

Organology

Question 3

A combination of one or more basic tissues forms an ____.

Answer 3

Organ

Question 4

What are the two types of organ organization?

Answer 4

Tubular organs

Parenchymatous (solid) organs

Question 5

What are the main components of most tubular organs?

Answer 5

A wall and a lumen

Question 6

What are the four concentric layers (tunics) of a tubular organ from the luminal surface to the periphery?

Answer 6

1. Tunica Mucosa
2. Tunica Submucosa
3. Tunica Muscularis
4. Tunica Adventitia

Question 7

What are the three layers of the tunica mucosa?

Answer 7

1. Lamina Epithelialis Mucosae
2. Lamina Propria Mucosae
3. Lamina Muscularis Mucosae

Question 8

What is the lamina epithelialis mucosae?

Answer 8

The epithelial layer of the organ.

A consistent lamina that rests on the basal lamina.

Question 9

What is being mentioned?

The connective tissue beneath the epithelial layer.

Typically areolar or reticular connective tissue.

Contains small blood vessels and nerves.

In some organs, may contain lymphatic nodules and glands.

Answer 9

lamina propria mucosae

Question 10

It is composed of one or more layers of smooth muscle cells.

Typically an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer.

Answer 10

lamina muscularis mucosae

Question 11

This has variable occurrence, Present in some organs, absent in others.

Serves as a sharp demarcation between the lamina propria mucosae and tunica submucosa when present.

Answer 11

lamina muscularis mucosae

Question 12

When absent, the two layers lamina propria mucosae and tunica submucosa blend together inseparably.

Answer 12

lamina muscularis mucosae

Question 13

Areolar connective tissue with a coarser arrangement than the lamina propria mucosae.

Answer 13

tunica submucosa

Question 14

What structures may be found in the tunica submucosa?

Answer 14

Large blood vessels, nerve plexi, and autonomic ganglia

Some organs may have glands in this layer

Question 15

What is the function of the tunica submucosa?

Answer 15

Permits motility of the tunica mucosa.

In the absence of lamina muscularis mucosae, the lamina propria blends with this tissue.

Question 16

What term is used when the tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa blend together?

Answer 16

Tunica mucosa-submucosa.

Question 17

What is the general structure of the tunica muscularis?

Answer 17

Usually well-developed with two layers of muscle:

Inner layer is Oriented circularly.

Outer layer is Oriented longitudinally.

Question 18

What are the primary muscle types found in the tunica muscularis?

Answer 18

Primarily composed of smooth muscle, but in some organs, skeletal muscle may be present.

Question 19

What structures are found between the two muscle layers?

Answer 19

Vascular structures, neural plexi, and autonomic ganglia.

Question 20

What are the functions of the tunica muscularis?

Answer 20

Tone of the organ.

Size of the lumen.

Movement of materials through hollow organs.

Question 21

What is the tunica adventitia composed of?

Answer 21

A collection of loose connective tissue over the periphery of the organ.

Question 22

A collection of loose connective tissue over the periphery of the organ.

Answer 22

Tunica Adventitia

Question 23

What structures may be present in the tunica adventitia?

Answer 23

Blood vessels, nerves, ganglia, and adipose tissue.

Question 24

What structure surrounds the periphery of organs closely associated with coelomic cavities?

Answer 24

Mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium), which forms the tunica serosa.

Question 25

What is the function of the tunica serosa?

Answer 25

Helps with the suspension of organs through the union of the tunica adventitia with surrounding connective tissue or by the reflection of mesothelium and associated connective tissue as mesenteries.

Question 26

Helps with the suspension of organs through the union of the tunica adventitia with surrounding connective tissue or by the reflection of mesothelium and associated connective tissue as mesenteries.

Answer 26

Tunica Serosa

Question 27

Has one or more basic tissues.

Answer 27

Parenchymatous Organs

Question 28

What are the two main components of parenchymatous organs?

Answer 28

1. Parenchyma 2. Stroma

Question 29

The specific functional component of the organ.

Answer 29

Parenchyma

Question 30

The supportive tissue that contains Connective tissue, vasculature, nerves, and lymphatics.

Answer 30

Stroma

Question 31

Provides metabolic support and structural integrity to the parenchyma.

Answer 31

Stroma

Question 32

How are small groups of parenchyma arranged?

Answer 32

Surrounded by a fine meshwork of areolar or reticular connective tissue in which vessels and nerves are located. These groups may be grouped together and surrounded by more coarse areolar connective tissue.

Question 33

How is the connective tissue of parenchymatous organs related to the capsule?

Answer 33

The connective tissue can be continuous with dense fibrous connective tissue (DWFCT) of the capsule.

Question 34

What are mucous membranes composed of?

Answer 34

Include some or all components of the tunica mucosa

Question 35

How are mucous membranes kept moist?

Answer 35

By secretions from cells within the lamina epithelialis and/or glands located in the lamina propria mucosae and/or tunica submucosa.

Question 36

What are serous membranes composed of?

Answer 36

A layer of mesothelium and associated connective tissue.

Question 37

Where are serous membranes found?

Answer 37

They line the coelomic cavities.

Question 38

What keeps serous membranes moist? In serous membrane.

Answer 38

They are moistened by the fluids within these spaces (e.g., peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity).