LESSON 3

Question 1

This type of epithelium covers the various body or organ surfaces as well as line the lumen of
internal tubular organs.

Answer 1

Epithelial Tissue

Question 2

A _____ _____ consists of a single layer of cells and is typically found covering or lining wet surfaces.

What epithelium is this?

Answer 2

Simple Epithelium

Question 3

What are the types of Simple Epithelium?

Answer 3

a. Simple Squamous Epithelium
b. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
c. Simple Columnar Epithelium

Question 4

It has extremely thin cells with barely visible cytoplasm under the light microscope. The nucleus creates a prominent bulge on the free surface.

Answer 4

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 5

Cells appear polygonal in surface view but spindle-shaped in lateral view.

Answer 5

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 6

Where is Simple Squamous Epithelium found?

Answer 6

a. On the inner surface of the wall of the membranous labyrinth and tympanic membrane of the ear.

b. In the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and the thin segment of the loop of Henle in the kidney.

c. In the rete testis.

d. In the smallest excretory ducts of many glands.

e. Lining the air spaces or alveoli in the lungs.

Question 7

What epithelium is found on Lining the air spaces or alveoli in the lungs.

Answer 7

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 8

What is the primary function of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

Answer 8

Its primary function is dialyzing or filtering,

Question 9

How does Simple Cuboidal Epithelium differ from Simple Squamous Epithelium?

Answer 9

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium is thicker compared to Simple Squamous Epithelium.

Question 10

What epithelium is found on the choroid plexus of brain?

Answer 10

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 11

Where is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium found?

Answer 11

a. In many glands.
b. On the choroid plexus.
c. On the inner surface of the lens capsule.
d. On the free surface of the ovary.
e. In the ducts of glands.
f. As the pigmented epithelium of the retina.

Question 12

Its main function is as a lining membrane, but it may also have absorptive or secretory functions.

Answer 12

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 13

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium assumes this shape when they form small spherical glandular secretory units (acini)

Answer 13

Pyramidal / Glandular Epithelia

Question 14

Has one layer; Found covering or lining wet surfaces.

Answer 14

Simple Epithelium

Question 15

It is characterized by extremely thin cells with the cytoplasm barely visible under the light
microscope.

Answer 15

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 16

It cannot withstand wear and tear.

What kind of epithelial tissue is this?

Answer 16

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 17

Simple Squamous Epithelium in surface view the cells assume the shape of ______, but appear ______ shaped in lateral view.

Answer 17

polygons ; spindle shaped

Question 18

This consists of a single layer of thin flat cells of irregular outline that fit together to form a continuous thin membrane.

Answer 18

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 19

This is composed of cells which are taller than they are wide and are joined together side by side with their oval nuclei situated towards their bases.

Answer 19

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Question 20

It refers to the side appearance of cells when they are sectioned at right angles to the surface they cover.

Answer 20

“Cuboidal”

Question 21

Subtypes of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 21

c.1 Simple Columnar Epithelium
c.2 Simple Columnar Epithelium Specialized for Mucus Secretion
c.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium with Goblet and Absorptive Cells
c.4 Simple Columnar Epithelium with Goblet and Ciliated Cells

Question 22

What does the cytoplasm of Simple Columnar Epithelium cells look like?

Answer 22

The cells resemble one another, and their cytoplasm has an even texture.

Question 23

Where can you find Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 23

It is found in the lining epithelium of moderately large ducts of glands.

Question 24

What is the function of Simple Columnar Epithelium c2?

Answer 24

The cells are specialized to secrete mucus.

Question 25

How does the cytoplasm of this mucus-secreting epithelium appear when stained? (Simple Columnar Epithelium Specialized for Mucus Secretion)

Answer 25

When stained with H & E, the cytoplasm above the nucleus appears pale and vacuolated.

Question 26

How are these mucus-secreting cells similar to goblet cells?

Answer 26

These cells are similar to goblet cells but cannot assume the goblet shape because all the cells are alike and have no space to bulge.

Question 27

Where is this type of mucus-secreting epithelium found? (c.2 Simple Columnar Epithelium)

Answer 27

It is found on the surface of the stomach and in the lining of the cervical canal.

Question 28

What two types of cells make up the C.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 28

Goblet cells (secretory) and absorptive cells.

Question 29

What is the characteristic shape of goblet cells?

Answer 29

Goblet cells assume a goblet shape because their mucigen granules expand and push against adjacent absorptive cells.

Question 30

Where is the nucleus located in goblet cells?

Answer 30

The nucleus is located in the narrow, stem-like portion of the goblet cell.

Question 31

What structures are found in the goblet cells as observed with the electron microscope (EM)?

Answer 31

* Goblet cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), * a few mitochondria below and around the nucleus, *stacks of Golgi saccules near the nucleus, * and mucin granules in the supranuclear region.

Question 32

What are the microvilli on absorptive cells, and what do they do?

Answer 32

Absorptive cells have finger-like projections called microvilli, which increase surface area for absorption.

Question 33

A type of simple columnar found in intestine.

Answer 33

c.3 Simple Columnar Epithelium (Goblet and absorptive cells)

Question 34

They are characterized by little hair-like surfaces, which projects from their free surfaces.

Answer 34

Ciliated cells

Question 35

They beat to move mucus along the membrane.

Answer 35

Cilia

Question 36

c.4 Simple Columnar Epithelium is commonly found in what areas of the body?

Answer 36

upper respiratory tract

Question 37

They are between the goblet cells of intestinal epithelium where they present finger-like projection termed microvilli on its border.

Answer 37

Absorptive Cells

Question 38

The greater part of the supranuclear regions is occupied by membrane bound mucin granules which may coalesce to form large granules. What epithelium?

Answer 38

c.3. Simple Columnar Epithelium composed of both secretory (goblet or mucous) and absorptive cells.

Question 39

In c.3. Simple Columnar Epithelium, their apical part of the cell membrane is covered with a few _____.

Answer 39

microvilli

Question 40

The cell membrane ruptures during the release of mucin granules in this epithelium named -

Answer 40

c.3. Simple Columnar Epithelium composed of both secretory (goblet or mucous) and absorptive cells.

Question 41

The nuclei of goblet cells in C.3 Simple columnar epithelium is located or found in the narrow ____-like portions of cell.

Answer 41

narrow stem-like portions of the cells.

Question 42

All cells are in contact with the basement membrane, but not all reach the surface.

Answer 42

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 43

What types of cells reach the surface in Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium?

Answer 43

Ciliated or goblet cells reach the surface.

Question 44

Why does Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium appear stratified?

Answer 44

It appears stratified because nuclei are at two different levels.

Question 45

T OR F? The nuclei of shorter cells are closer to the basement membrane, while the nuclei of longer cells are closer to the surface of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium.

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

Where is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium found?

Answer 46

Upper respiratory tract, such as the trachea.

Question 46

What is the function of mucus secreted by goblet cells in the Pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 46

The mucus forms a film that serves as a dust-catcher to prevent dust from being inhaled into the lungs and moistens dry air.

Question 46

The ____ part of the epithelium has this structure to move the mucus containing dust particles upward to a point where it can be swallowed or eliminated.

Answer 46

cilia

Question 46

This cells in pseudo epithelium serve as stem cells which produce new long cells to replace the lost ones.

Answer 46

Short cells that do not reach the surface

Question 47

This part of the cells called n____ of the shorter cells that do not reach the surface are closer to the basement membrane than the ones of longer cells that reach the surface.

Answer 47

nuclei

Question 47

This type is found on wet surfaces that are subjected to considerable wear and tear and where absorptive function is not needed.

Answer 47

Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinizing Epithelium

Question 47

It consists of several layers of cells: the deepest layer is columnar, followed by layers of polyhedral cells, and the superficial layers are squamous cells.

Answer 47

Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinizing Epithelium

Question 48

In the Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinizing Epithelium the deepest layers (layer next to the basement membrane) is composed of:

Answer 48

columnar cells

Question 48

In the Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinizing Epithelium the superficial layers are called:

Answer 48

Squamous cells

Question 48

In the Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinizing Epithelium the deepest layers (layer next to the basement membrane) is composed of columnar cells AND, above these layer is another additional layer composed of ?

Answer 48

polyhedral cells

Question 49

Stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium is found in the ?

Answer 49

1. mouth, 1. esophagus, 1. conjunctiva, 1. part of the epiglottis, 1. the cornea, 1. the vagina and, 1. a portion of the female urethra.

Question 50

This epithelium resembles the stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium except that its more superficial cells undergo a metamorphosis into non living layer of keratin

Answer 50

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

Question 51

An example of Stratified Squamous **Keratinized** Epithelium is?

Answer 51

epithelial part of the skin

Question 52

Several functions of keratin:

Answer 52

1. It is **relatively waterproof**; hence it prevents fluid from evaporating from living cells that lie beneath it; it also keeps the body from absorbing water when one takes a bath. 2. Since it is tough and resilient, i**t protect the underlying living cells from being injured **by ordinary wear and tear to which the skin is exposed 3. It is relatively impervious to bacteria and hence is a **first line of defense against infection**

Question 53

It consists of two or more layers of cells, with the surface layer composed of typical cuboidal cells.

Answer 53

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 54

It is found lining the excretory ducts of glands.

Answer 54

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 55

The deeper layers are polyhedral, and the superficial layers are prismatic, cuboidal, or columnar. What epithelial tissue?

Answer 55

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 56

1. It is found in the: 1. ornix of the conjunctiva, 1. cavernous urethra, 1. small areas of the anal mucous membrane, 1. pharynx, 1. epiglottis, 1. lacrimal sac and duct, and 1. large excretory ducts of some glands (parotid and mandibular ducts).

Answer 56

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 57

It provides more protection than simple columnar epithelium but less than stratified nonkeratinizing epithelium.

Answer 57

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 58

It consists of many cell layers: the deepest layers are cuboidal or columnar, and the superficial layers are large rounded cells.

Answer 58

Transitional Epithelium (Contracted state)

Question 59

Where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 59

lines hollow organs subject to contraction or distention, such as the: excretory passages of the urinary system from the renal calyces to the urethra.

Question 60

How is Transitional Epithelium similar to Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinizing Epithelium?

Answer 60

It has similar structure but differs in the shape of the superficial cells, which tend to be large and rounded unless stretched.

Question 61

What happens to Transitional Epithelium when it is stretched?

Answer 61

In the stretched state, the epithelium consists of only two layers: a superficial layer of large squamous cells and a second layer of cuboidal cells.