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HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what incduces chemical stains

A

histochemicals stain

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2
Q

whats necessary to demonstrate cell structures

A

chemical reactions

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3
Q

componencts demonstrated by histochemical stains

A

ions (calcium iron)
biomolecules and biopolymers (bile pigments, melanin, mucin)
enzymes

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4
Q

eoutine staining

A

carbohydrate staining

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5
Q

carbohydrates can be found complexed with other substances like

A

mucin

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6
Q

most ideal staining procedure

A

periodic acid schiff stain

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7
Q

periodic acid component of the staining procedure reacts with what

A

CC bond between 2 adjacent -OH grp
or glycosidic linkage and hydroxyl grp

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8
Q

schiff reagent will react with what

A

aldehyde group formed from the primary reaction

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9
Q

interaction with basic fuchsin gives what color to carbohydrates tissues

A

magenta
(some metachromatic like mucin)

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10
Q

what detects glycogen

A

PAS with diastase

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11
Q

what detects mucin

A

alcian blue

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12
Q

mucins form what substance of the connective tissue

A

gorund substance

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13
Q

neutal MPS is less___ and less___

A

distributed; important

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14
Q

acid mps thats simple and non sulfated. it is

A

typical mucin of epithelial cells with sialic acid

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15
Q

acid mps thats simple and mesenchymal is found in

A

tissue stroma; dont stain with PAS; found in sarcomas

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16
Q

acid mps thats complex, sulfated and epithelial is found in

A

adenocarcinomas and PAS+

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17
Q

acid mps thats a complex connective tissiue is found in

A

tissue stroma, cartilage, bone and is PAS-

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18
Q

ideal staining procedure for mucins and mucopolysaccarides

A

PAS
FLUORESCENT ACRIDINE ORANGE
Aldehyde fuchsin
Collloidal iron
Mucicarmine
Alcian blue
Metachromatic (toluidine blue, azure A, uranyl nitrate-azure)

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19
Q

PAS stain (give carb structure and color)

A

CARBS- red or magenta
NUCLEI- blue

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20
Q

PAS w/ diastase (give carb structure and color)

A

GLYCOGEN- red
NUCLEI- blue

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21
Q

bets carmine (give carb structure and color)

A

GLYCOGEN- pink/red
NUCLEI- blue/gray-blue
MUCIN- light red

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22
Q

H&E (give carb structure and color)

A

MUCIN- light pink

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23
Q

H&e with ehrlichs hematoxylin (give carb structure and color)

A

ACID MUCOPOLYSACC- blue

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24
Q

metachromatic toluidine blue

A

MPS- red purple
BG- blue

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25
alcian blue ph 2.5
ACID MUCIN- blue NUCLEI- red
26
alcian blue PAS hematoxylin
ACID MUCIN- blue NEUTRAL MUCIN- magenta MIXED MUCIN- blue-purple, mauve dpends on dominant NUCLEI- pale blue
27
gomori's aldehyde fuchsin
SULFATED MUCIN- purple CARBOXYLATE MUCIN- blue after alcian blue
28
mucicarmine
MUCIN- red NUCLEI- blue
29
colloidal (dialyzed) iron
ACID MUCIN- blue NEUTRAL MUCIN
30
fluorescent acridine orange
ACID MPS- black FUNGI- greenish red fluor BG- reddish orange fluor
31
lipids are hard ot demo because
theyre soluble in reagents used in conventional processing
32
best processing method for lipids
cryostat sections using fresh, unfixed, frozen tissue
33
cryostat allow demo of
LIPIDS simple - neutral fats like TG compound - phospholipid, glycolipid derived- cholesterol, bile acid, lipid hormone
34
lipid stains are polar/non?
non polar
35
lipid molecules we demo
fat embolism atheroma fatty liver structures other dse pathologies w/ pathologic pattern of fat and other lipid molec
36
ability of molecules to be stained by fat/oil soluble dyes
sudanophilia
37
what stains are specific for lipids (simple esp)
fat stains and sudan dyes
38
sudan dyes are
lysochromes
39
grp of dyes 1st used to stain lipid structures
sudan dyes
40
oldest 1896
sudan III
41
aka scharlach R, 1901
sudan IV
42
predominnatly used for staining TG
sudan III
43
most versatie 1935
sudan black B
44
can act as counterstain combined w/SBB
oil red o
45
demo fat/lipids in fresh frozen tissue samples
oil red o
46
scharlach R and oil red o stain
neutral fats and lipofuchsin
47
sudan black method
LIPID- blueblack NUCLEI- red
48
sudan IV (scharlach R)
LIPID (TG)- red NUCLEI- blueblack
49
oil red o in dextrin
LIPID- red NUCLEI- blue
50
osmic acid
FATS- black NUCLEI- yellow-orange
51
nile blue sulfate method
NEUTRAL LIPID PHOSPHOLIPID FREE FATTY ACID
52
stains for FFA
rubeanic acid weigerts lithium hematoxylin dimethylaminobenzidine rhodamine
53
stains for cholesterol
diaminobenzidine (prior oxidation with cholesterol oxidase)
54
stains for cerebrosides
PAS Pas WITH DIASTASE cresyl violet toluidine blue
55
stains for gangliosides
PAS luxol fast blue sudan dyes
56
ideal for staining tay sahcs disease and gauchers dsease
luxol fast blue
57
what grp is important for nuclear staining
phosphate grp
58
what pH can inhibit staining property
pH more than 4-8
59
protein histochemical staining is used to demo diff what?
amino acid molecules
60
what dyes localize protein structures
aniline bliue black coomasie brilliant blue R 250
61
where would staining of nucleic acid depend on
reaction of dye w/ phosphate grp production of aldehyde from sugar
62
stain for basic proteins (protamines, histones)
alkaline fast green method
63
stains for cystine and cysteine immunoglobulins enyzmes homrones
peracetic acid-alcian blue
64
stain for proteoglycan
alcian blue-PAS mehtod
65
feulgen technique (stain sugar)
NUCLEIC DNA- red purple CYTOPLASM- green
66
methyl green pyronin (target phosphate, specific for RNA)
DNA (chromatin)- green/bluegreen RNA (nucleoli)- rose red GRANULES- dark rose-red CYTOMPLASM- purple
67
fluorescein
NA- blue
68
rhodamine
orange-red under green light
69
acridine orange
DNA- yellow green RNA- brick orange-red
70
acriflavine (w/ feulgen)
DNA- fluorescent yellow
71
stains used with fluoresncence microscopy
fluorescein acridine orange rhodamine acriflavine (w/ feulgen)
72
stains used for detecting enzy es act as ____
specific substrates for the enzymes
73
enzymes ____ available substrates
hydrolyze
74
enzyme couples with
diazonium salt
75
when substrate is rearrnged, it provides ans
insoluble colored reax
76
enyzme fall under 2 grps
oxidative hydrolytic
77
immunohistochemistry specificity bis attributed to the variable region of an antibody
paratope
78
what allows demo and localization of structure
tagging or labeling AG with AB

HISTO LAB (3 decks)

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