Histology Flashcards by Orla Vennard

What kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureter?

Urothelium or transitional epithelium

The advantage of this is that it is able to stretch significantly to accommodate large volumes of urine. The transitional epithelium also provides protection to the underlying tissues from acidic or alkaline urine.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organ is this showing

The kidney

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Destuinguish the cortex vs the medulla of the kidney

Cortex is full of globules whereas, the medulla is more tubule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label this diagram

Renal corpuscle

Glomeruli have a side next to blood vessels- vascular side

And then one going into nephron- urinary side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label this diagram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label this diagram of the renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Complete this diagram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule

Simple tall cuboidal epithelium, with a brush border (microvilli).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epithelium of the loop of henle

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epithelium of the distil convuluted tubule

Cuboidal, with few microvilli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label this diagram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which part of the kidney is this?

Kidney: Cortex

Renal corpuscles (Bowman’s capsule: simple squamous epithelium)

Proximal convoluted tubules (cuboidal+ microvilli)

Distal convoluted tubules (cuboidal)

Collecting tubule (cuboidal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does this show & describe its epithelium

The ureter

Transitional epithelium

Star shaped lumen

Inner longitudinal smooth muscle (SM)

Outer circular SM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organ does this show & describe its epithelium

Bladder

Transitional epithelium

Inner longitudinal (IL) smooth muscle (SM)

Middle circular(MC) SM

Outer longitudinal (OL) SM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are hormones stored in a thyroid gland?

Hormones are stored in cavities, surrounded by secretory cells. These make up a follicle. Within the cavity of the follicle, the hormone is bound to a glycoprotein and is called as colloid. During secretion the hormone is re-absorbed from the cavity, and then released into the surrounding interstitial spaces.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fill in the blanks

Study These Flashcards

1 = Thyroid follicle: follicular cells + colloid

Thyroid cell- produce thyroid hormones & their surface contains TSH receptors

2 = Follicular epithelial cells

3 = Parafollicular (C cells)- secrete calcitonin - takes calcium & puts it back into the blood

NB. parafollicular cells arise, separately from the thyroid and migrate into it during development of the embryo

PARAFOLICULAR CELLS are secreted from the THYROID GLAND (not the parathyroid gland, this secretes parathyroid hormones which increase calcium levels)

What type of epithelium do you see lining the follicle?

Study These Flashcards

Simple, non-stratified, cuboidal epithelial cell (found in all endocrine glands)

What hormone do the C cells and the thyroid gland secrete?

Study These Flashcards

C cells= calcitonin

Thyroid gland = T3&T4

Arterial supply & venous drainage of the parathyroid glands

Study These Flashcards

Arterial supply to both superior and inferior parathyroids is predominantly from the inferior thyroid arteries.

Venous drainage is via the veins draining the thyroid to the internal jugular veins.

What gland is shown here

Study These Flashcards

Parathyroid gland

Label this diagram of a parathyroid gland

1. chief cells- ***purple, chief (more of them)*** 2. Oxyphill cells- red/pink

What is secreted by the parathyroid gland, from which cell & what is its function

Chief cells- secrete parathyroid hormone * -* plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood; removes calcium from bones, to enter the blood * What cells does this hormone act upon and what is their subsequent action? Cells of the bone & the kidney-* removes calcium from bones, to enter the blood Parathyroid hormone takes calcium from bones, putting it into the blood Calcitonin takes calcium from the blood and puts it into the bones

Complete the labels

Parathyroid hormone A= Fibrous capsule B= Adipose tissue C= chief cells (purple) D= Oxyphill cells

Name this gland and name the arrows

Adrenal gland

What are the 3 main hormone types secreted from each of the 3 zones

* Zona glomerulosa -\> **mineral corticoids- like globules*** * Zona fasciculata -\>**glucocorticoids – like canes of sugar*** * Zona reticularis -\> **androgens (sex hormones)- big collection; messy, circles***

Complete the diagram

What organ is this?

Pancreas

Label this diagram

complete the diagram

what organ is this

the liver

complete the diagram & what organ is this

Thyroid gland

What cells form the boundary of a follicle

Simple cuboidal epithelium

What gland is this & fill in the blanks

Parathyroid gland

What gland is this from

anterior pituitary: 3 types of cells; **basophils, acidophils & chromophobes**

What gland is this from

Chief cells, oxyphils & fat globules Pituitary gland

complete the diagram

1. Anterior pituitary 2. Posterior pituitary 3. Pituitary stalk

What is this gland and fill in the blanks

anterior pituitary clumps of cells (like parathyroid) pink/red= **acidophil cells** purple/blue= **basophil cells** (basic e.g. alkali) Also have pale-staining cells- **chromophobe,** resting, not actually secreting hormones