Histology

Question 1

Are skeletal muscle fibres branched?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Where are the nuclei of muscle fibres found within the cell when viewed under a microscope?

Answer 2

At the periphery

Protein strands displace them there

Question 3

What is the cell membrane of a muscle fibre called?

Answer 3

Sarcolemma

Question 4

What is a fascicle?

Answer 4

Group of muscle fibres

Question 5

What is the name of the connective tissue surrounding a fascicle?

Answer 5

Perimysium

Question 6

What is the name of the connective tissue surrounding a single muscle fibre?

Answer 6

Endomysium

Question 7

What is the name of the connective tissue surrounding the muscle as a whole?

Answer 7

Epimysium

Question 8

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 8

Functional unit of a muscle fibre - smallest unit of contraction

Question 9

What is the name of a string of sarcomeres, end to end?

Answer 9

Myofibril

Question 10

What colour are Type I muscle fibres?

Answer 10

Red

• aerobic
• high myoglobin content

Question 11

What colour are Type IIx muscle fibres?

Answer 11

White

- anaerobic

Question 12

List 4 features of cartilage

Answer 12

Deformable, semi rigid
Permeable
Avascular - nourishment via ECM

Question 13

List 3 features of bone

Answer 13

Rigid
Impermeable
Cells nourished via blood vessels

Question 14

What are the principle cells found in cartilage?

Answer 14

Chondrocytes

Question 15

Where are chondrocytes found?

Answer 15

ECM within lacunae

Question 16

State the function of chondrocytes

Answer 16

Secrete and maintain the ECM around them

Question 17

State the composition of ECM in hyaline cartilage

Answer 17

75% water

25% organic material

Question 18

List the 2 substances that comprise “organic material” in the ECM

Answer 18

60% Type II collagen

40% Proteoglycan aggregates e.g. keratan sulfate, chondrotoin sulfate

Question 19

List the 3 types of cartilage found in the body

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

Question 20

List 5 areas where hyaline cartilage may be found [most abundant type]

Answer 20

Articular surfaces
Tracheal rings
Costal cartilage
Epiphyseal growth plates
Bone precursor in foetuses

Question 21

State the composition of bone

Answer 21

65% minerals
23% Type I collagen
10% Water
2% non-collagen proteins

Question 22

List 2 types of bone that may be seen in section of a long bone

Answer 22

Cortical bone

Cancellous/trabecular bone

Question 23

Which part of the bone is cortical bone found?

Answer 23

Dense shell

Makes up diaphysis

Question 24

Which part of the bone is cancellous bone found?

Answer 24

Spongy bone

Occupies epiphyses

Question 25

What are osteons?

Answer 25

Regions of concentric lamellae in cortical bone, bound by cement lines Have a haversian canal in the center

Question 26

What is a haversian canal?

Answer 26

Tubes in the centre of osteons | Have nerves and blood vessels running through

Question 27

How do blood vessels within haversian canals communicate with osteocytes in lacunae?

Answer 27

Via canaliculi

Question 28

What are Volkmann's canals?

Answer 28

Communicate with haversian canals | Transmit blood from the periosteum to deeper parts of the bone

Question 29

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 29

Reserve pool of osteoblasts | Found deep to periosteum