Tumour Pathology Flashcards
(44 cards)
List 4 benign bone tumours
Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Osteoid osteoma
Chondroblastoma
State 3 features of an osteochondroma
Bony projection on external surface of bone
Capped by cartilage
Contains marrow cavity continuous with that of the main bone
Which cell is usually the origin of an osteochondroma?
Chondrocyte
Where do osteochondromas usually develop?
Near epiphysis of long bones
What is the demographic distribution of people affected by osteochondromas?
Equal M:F
Mainly young,
State 3 features of an enchondroma
Hyaline cartilage tumour
Arises in medullary cavity of bones of hands and feet
May be single or multiple
What is the demographic distribution of people affected by enchondromas?
Young adults
More common in M than F
State 4 features of an osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastic tumour
Central core of vascular osteoid
Peripheral zone of sclerotic bone
Found in femur, tibia, hands/feet, spine
What is the demographic distribution of people affected by osteoid osteomas?
Usually in children and young adults
Males affected more than females
What is the distinct clinical presentation of osteoid osteomas? [3]
Dull pain for months
Worse at night
Relieved by aspirin/NSAIDs
What is the prognosis of osteoid osteomas?
Resolves without treatment
~ 33 months
Give 3 features of a chondroblastoma
Cartilage tumour arising in bone
Can be aggressive
Found at epiphyses of long bones
What is the demographic distribution of people affected by chondroblastomas?
Affects people between 10-20
How do chondroblastomas appear on X ray?
Spherical osteolytic foci
How are chondroblastomas treated?
Curettage + adjuvant liquid nitrogen
List 3 tumours that are benign but locally aggressive
Giant cell tumour
Osteoblastoma
Chordoma
State 3 features of giant cell tumours
Originates from osteoclasts
Highly vascularised tumour
Commonly affects long bones esp around knee
What is the demographic distribution of people affected by giant cell tumours?
More women affected than men
25-40yo
How do giant cell tumours appear on Xray?
Luscent centres, opaque borders
May expand into soft tissue
State 3 features of an osteoblastoma
Solitary, self limiting tumour
Produces osteoid and bone
Common in pelvis
and metaphysis/diaphysis of long bones
How are osteoblastomas treated?
Surgical resection
- curettage
What is a chordoma
Very rare
Arises from notocord remnants
Presents in midline, often sacrum
Gelatinous, well circumscribed
What is the demographic of people commonly affected by chordomas?
Older adults; 40+
M:F is 1:2
How does a chordoma appear on Xray?
Solitary midline lesion + bony destruction
50% have focal calcifications
