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SIU SOM: CRR > histology > Flashcards

histology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

list 4 main tissue types

A

nervous
muscle
epithelial
connective

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2
Q

epithelium: vascular or nah?

A

avascular

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3
Q

main function of simple squamous epithelium

A

diffusion

very thin and flat, think blood vessels

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4
Q

endothelium vs mesothelium

A

endothelium lines circulatory system
mesothelium lines body cavities
(both are simple squamous)

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5
Q

differentiate a continuous capillary, fenstrated capillary, and sinusoid

A

continuous capillary: makes up a majority of capillaries in the body, have a continuous basement membrane (ex. skin, muscle)

fenestrated capillary: has continous basement membrane, cells have fenestrations (small pores allowing transport of larger molecules across membrane). located in kidneys, choroid plexus, endocrine glands, and intestines

sinusoid: found in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. has discontinuous membrane. allow reentry of the RBC into capillaries from spleen as long as they are healthy and flexible enough to fit (keeps sickle cells out of circulation but can cause congestion in splee –> autosplenectomy)

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6
Q

list the various resident cells of connective tissue

A

fibroblasts (make collagen)
adipocytes (store fat)
immune cells (macrophages and mast cells)
Blood cells (RBC, WBC, platlets)

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7
Q

what is the most abundant protein in the body and in all connective tissues

A

collagen

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8
Q

reticular fibers

A

supports the stroma (acts as scafolding/structural support)
in most lymphoid and hematopoietic organs and many endocrine glands(support the spleen)
also called type III collagen

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9
Q

elastic fibers

A

polypeptide of elastin

important in lungs and circulatory system

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10
Q

extracellular matrix of connective tissue

A

the space between resident cells and fibers and acts as a lubricant and barrier
made up of ground substance and protein fibers (elastic, collagen, and reticular)
ground substance can range from liquid to solid but is highly hydrated

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11
Q

list 4 main types of connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper (loose and dense)
cartilage
bone
blood

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12
Q

list types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

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13
Q

list types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar
adipose
reticular

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14
Q

list types of dense connective tissue

A

dense regular
dense irregular
elastic

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15
Q

list components of hematocrit

A

plasma: water, proteins, electrolytes (top layer, majority of blood)
buffy coat: platlets and leukocytes (small band middle layer)
erythrocytes: RBC (sinks to bottom)

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16
Q

life span of RBC

A

120 days in circulation

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17
Q

list WBC types and norm values by percentage

A

Neutrophils: 54-64%

lymphocytes: 25-33
monocyte: 3-7
eosinophil: 1-3
basophil: 0-1

“Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

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18
Q

neutrophils: segs vs bands vs hyper segmented; function, nuclei and granules?

A

polymorphonuclear (PMN)
granular
phagocytic first responder, primary mediator of acute inflammation (high counts signify recent infection)
segs: mature neutrophils with segmented nuclei
bands: immature, unsegmented nuclei, indicate recent immune response
hyper-segmented: B12 and folate deficiences

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19
Q

B cells: function

A

plasma cells that produce antibodies

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20
Q

monocyte: granular? function

A

agranular
phagocytic, become macrophage when enters tissues
acts as garbage truck in chronic infections and destroys pathogens

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21
Q

eosinophills: granular? nuclei? function

A

eosinophilic (pink) granules
bi lobed nuclei
phagocytic, high concentrations during parasitic infections, modulate hypersensitivity (allergies), release cytokines and chemokines

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22
Q

basophils: granules? function

A

basophilic granules

secrete histamine, heparin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes; mediate hypersensitivity and allergic reactions (asthma)

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23
Q

thrombocytes

A

aka platlets

small cell fragments

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24
Q

microcytic RBC: indications

Study These Flashcards
A 
small RBC
may be associated with:
thalassemia, 
iron deficiency anemia
chronic disease anemia
sideroblastic anemia
25
macrocytic RBC: indications
vitamin B12 or folate deficiency liver disease MDS (myeloid dysplastic syndrome) chemotherapy
26
bite cell RBC: indications
G6PD deficiency unstable hemoglobin disorders oxidative drugs
27
target cell RBC: indications
thalassemia hemoglobinopathies post-splenectomy liver diease
28
sickle cell RBC: indications
hemoglobin SS disease Hemoglobin SC disease Hemoglobin SD disease S-beta thalassemia
29
which muscle type(s) is/are striated
skeletal and cardiac
30
which muscle type(s) is/are multinucleated
skeletal (peripheral), cardiac (1-2 in middle) | smooth has single central nuclei
31
satellite cells
reserve progenitor myocytes which are imparative for regeneration (cardiac cells have poor regeneration because lack satellite cells)
32
tissue type of tendon
dense regular connective tissue
33
desmosomes
hold cells tightly together (located at intercalated discs of cardiac muscle cells)
34
gap junctions
allow spread of action potentials (located at intercalacted discs of cardiac muscles)
35
what are the only arteries in the body to carry deoxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries
36
tunica intima
innermost layer of arteries and vein | endothelium
37
tunica media
middle layer of arteries and veins smooth muscle larger in arteries than veins (location of atherosclerosis)
38
tunica adventitia
``` outermost layer of arteries and veins connective tissue (collagen and elastin) vasa vasorum (vessels of the vessels) ```
39
differentiate parietal pericardium epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
parietal pericardium: outer layer against chest wall meothelium, loose CT and dense fibrous layer epicardium (viscerial pericardium): against the organ/heart meothelium and loos CT with coronary vessels myocardium: cardiac muscle endocardium: endothelium/inside of heart
40
purkinje fibers
conducting myofibrils in subendocarium and reach into myocardium fewer contractile filaments than myofibrils so appear more pale lots of mitochondria and glycogen
41
common function of simple squamous epithelium and ex of location
diffusion | lung alveoli, Bowman's capsule, blood vessels endothelium, lymphatic vessels
42
stratified squamous epithelium function and ex of location
protective | cornea, esophagus, epidermis, esophagus, mouth, vagina, urethra, anus
43
simple columnar epithelium function and location
absorbs and secretes GI tract from stomach to colon, uterus, excretory ducts of some glands sometimes ciliated: small bronchi, fallopian tubes
44
pseudostratified columnar epithelium location
respiratory and male reproductive tract | ciliated in trachea
45
cuboidal epithelium function and location
absorb and secrete | line glands and ducts (ex. collecting ducts in kidney)
46
transitional epithelium function and location
allow distention and protects underlying tissue | in the urinary tract from the renal pelvis to the outside
47
endocrine glands: ducts or nah?
endocrine glands are ductless
48
differentiate between exocrine glands: merocrine, holocrine, apocrine
merocrine: secrete products via exocytosis and makes up most exocrine glands holocrine: "whole" cell disintegrates, ex. sebaceous glands apocrine: loss of apical cytoplasm, ex. mammary glands
49
differentiate between serous and mucous acinar glands
mucous acini: secrete mucous | serous acini: secrete watery
50
differentiate between merocrine and apocrin sweat glands
merocrine: more widely distributed, secrete onto skin surface, small lumen apocrine: in axilla, perianal, and genital areas, influenced by sex hormones and secrete into hair follicles a viscous milky fluid, large lumen
51
sebaceous glands
associated with hair follicles and secrete sebum which provides mositure for hair and skin, create pimples when inflammed holocrine: have pyknotic nuclei which indicate cell death
52
hair follicles
invagination of surface epithelium, lined with stratified squamous epithelium
53
list layers of epidermis from bottom to top
stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum corneum
54
merkel cells function
sensory mechanoreceptors
55
langerhans cells function
immune function
56
melanocytes function
pigmentation
57
meissner's cells
skin receptors in papillary dermis sensitive to fine touch
58
pacinian corpuscles
skin receptor deep in dermis sensitive to deep pressure

SIU SOM: CRR (15 decks)

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