Histology--Connective Tissue Flashcards
(39 cards)
Three components of Connective Tissues (CT)
Specialized cells
Extracellular protein fibers
Ground Substance (fluid)
(Fibers + Substance = Matrix)
6 Functions of CT
Structural framework of the body
Transporting fluid and dissolved materials
Protect delicate organs
Support, surround, and connect other tissues
Store energy
Defend the body from microorganisms
4 Types of CT
Connective Tissue Proper (Loose and Dense)
Fluid CT (Blood and Lymph)
Supportive (Cartilage & Bone)
Characteristics of CT Proper
Loose (areolar) CT
superficial fascia
Low fiber population
collagen
elastic (both produced by fibroblasts)
Numerous specialized cell types
Most associated with inflammatory response
Describe a Mast Cell
Similar to basophils
Cytoplasm contains granules of vasoactive amines (histamine–blood vessel dilation, heparin-prevent clot formation)
Describe Macrophage
Phagocytosis of invaders or debris
Derived from monocyte
Fixed or free
Antigen presenting cell (Alerts nervous system)
Plasma Cell
Derive from B-lymphocyte
Produces ANTIBODIES
“clock face” appearance
Adipose Tissue
Fat CONTAINING cell Appears empty It is CT with a high concentration of adipocytes Protection and heat Sites eventually disappear over time
Dense Regular Connective Tissue Location
Location: Tendon, aponeuroses, ligaments. Elastic Tissue
Dense Regular CT Function of 4 types
Tendons: Connect muscle to bone
Aponeuroses: Connect muscle to muscle or covers entire muscle
Ligaments: Connect bone to bone
Elastic: Stablilzes the vertabrea
Dense Regular CT matrix
Fibers
Dense Irregular CT Location, function, matrix
Location: Nerve and muscle
Function: provide strength
Matrix: Fibers
Blood
Plasma represent extracellular matrix 55% of blood
Cellular volume is 45% (hematocrit–particles)
Contains water, proteins, electrolytes and hormones.
Erythrocytes and Leukocytes
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide transport Bi-concave disce 7-8 micrometers no organelles Hemoglobin to transport O & CO2 Produced in bone marrow (120 day lifespan, removed in spleen)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Larger cells
Fewer in # than erythrocytes
Produced in bone marrow
Classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes
Neutrophil (granulocyte)
most common granulocyte 10-12 micro meters in diameter Multilobed nucleus -- 3 Phagocytic-eats lysosomes can migrate into CT
Eosinophil (granulocyte)
similar to neutrophil, bi-lobed nucleus, dense, bright red, number of granules
regulates inflammatory response
Basophil (granulocyte)
Least common granulocyte,
Dark granules (histamine, heparin, hydrolytic enzymes)
Nucleus is lobulated but obscured
Functions in inflammation and anaphylaxis (similar to mast cell)
Lymphocyte (agranulocyte)
Repair tissue Damage Most common T-Type (most common) produced in bone marrow and thymus. Phagocytic B-Type-bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes
Monocyte
Largest leukocyte, deeply indented nucleus
circulates 3 days.
Creates fixed and free macrophages
Creates osteoclasts
Platelets
Cell particles
come from megakaryocyte
assist in clot formation
3 Types of Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage–joints
Elastic cartilage–ear
Fibrous cartilage–strong. intervertebral discs
Found in joints, trachea, most of fetal skeleton
Perichondrium is adjoining membrane
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastin fibers observed within matrix (similar to hyaline)
Pinna of ear, nose, some cartilages of larynx
Elastic Cartilage
