Histology--Epithelial Tissue

Question 0

Epithelial functions

Answer 0

Regulate molecular movement
Environmental info w/ nervous tissue
Physical protection
Production of specialized secretions. (Endocrine. Exocrine gland)

Question 1

Epithelial is found where?

Answer 1

In lining and glandular tissue

Question 2

Two types of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Simple–single layer

Stratified–two or more layers

Question 4

4 Epithelial features

Answer 4

Polarity
Apical surface-Lines Lumen
Lateral surface-attaches to adjacent cells
Basal surface-attaches to basement membrane

Question 5

Describe the basal lamina (5 things)

Answer 5

Basement membrane...
Layer between epithelium and ct
Attached epithelium to ct
Regulates movement of material from epith to ct
Induces epithelial polarity
Composed of proteins--collagen.

Question 6

Four Tissue Types

Answer 6

Epithelia
     Linine Tissue and glands
Connective
     Proper, Fluid, Structural
Muscle (excitable)
     Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
Nervous (excitable)
     Neurons and glial cells

Question 7

Microvilli specialization

Answer 7

Absorption and Secretion

Question 8

Stereocilia specialization

Answer 8

Long microvilli, commonly found in the inner ear, Nervous system and orientation
have an extra moveable end

Question 9

Ciliated Epithelium specialization

Answer 9

Moves substances over the apical surfaces of the cells,(respiratory tract)

Question 10

4 Features of Microvilli

Answer 10

Increase surface area
Absorption! (no movement)
Fingerlike folds of apical cell membrane (actin filaments to stay erect)
Small, not visible with light microscope (brush border)

Question 11

4 Features of Cilia

Answer 11

Visible with a light microscope.
Respiratory tract
Core of microtubules, centriole at base (basal body)
Mobile (movement of material across surface in waves)

Question 12

4 Classifications of Cell Shapes of Epithelia

Answer 12

Squamous flat
Cuboidal cube
Columnar taller than wide
Transitional urinary only–flexible

Question 13

4 Classification of Epithelial Layers

Answer 13

Simple single
Stratified multi
Pseudostratified single layer appearing to be stratified.
Transitional multi

Question 14

Describe Location/Function Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 14

Very delicate cells
Locations–Lining body cavities, heart, blood vessels
Function–Reduces friction, Absorbs and secretes material

Question 15

Describe Location/Function Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 15

Location–Surface of skin, High friction areas Lines: Mouth, Esophagus, Anus, Vagina
Function–Protection (Many layers so outer layers can fall off)

Question 16

Describe Location/Function Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 16

Location–Thryoid gland, ducts, kidney tubules

Function–Secretion, Absorption

Question 17

Describe Location/Function Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 17

Location–Ducts of Sweat glands

Function–Secretion, Absorption

Question 18

Describe Location/Function Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 18

Location–Lining: Stomach, intestines, uterine tubes

Function–Secretion, absorption, protection

Question 19

Describe Location/Function Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 19

Location–Pharynx, epiglottis, mammary glands, salivary glands
Function–Protection

Question 20

Describe Location/Function Pseudstratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Answer 20

Nucleus situated at different levels
Location: Nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi
Function: Protection, secretion

Question 21

Describe Location/Function Transitional Epithelium

Answer 21

Many Layers
Combination of cuboidal and “odd” shaped cells
Location: Urinary bladder
Function: Ability to stretch extensively

Question 22

Glandular Epithelium–3 Anatomic Classifications

Answer 22

Unicellular (goblet cell)
Endocrine (Ductless) product release in blood stream
Exocrine (Duct) product released to the world

Question 23

Glandular Epithelium–2 Classifications based on secretions

Answer 23

Serous (protein)

Mucous (Polysaccharide)

Question 24

Three types of Classification Schemes for Glandular Epithelium

Answer 24

1. Anatomic Classification
2. Classification based on secretions
3. Mechanisms of Secretion

Question 25

The difference between simple gland and compound glands in glandular epithelia classification

Answer 25

Simple gland--does not have branching ducts | Compound gland--has various branching ducts

Question 26

Three secretory mechanisms of glands

Answer 26

Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine

Question 27

Method of Merocrine secretion

Answer 27

Exocytosis--Goblet cells. | Secretion oozes out and cell remains intact.

Question 28

Method of Apocrine secretion

Answer 28

Apical portion of cell is lost (cytoplasm) and regrown. Mammary glands

Question 29

Method of Holocrine secretion

Answer 29

Bursting of glandular cell. Entire cell is lost. Sebaceous glands

Question 30

Name the tissue type Locations: Endothelium of vasculature Bowman's capsule in kidney Respiratory spaces in lungs Functions: Exchange barrier (gases, nutrients, etc)

Answer 30

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 31

Name the tissue type Locations: Small ducts of exocrine glands Kidney tubules Functions: Absorption and secretion into and out of lumen Barrier

Answer 31

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 32

Name the tissue type Locations: Lining of gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small intestine, colon) Functions: Absorption and secretion Characteristics: Brush border microvilli

Answer 32

Simple Columnar Epithelium | Brush border microvilli--Dark band along apical surface, increases surface area for absorption

Question 33

Name the tissue type Locations: Trachea and bronchial tree, Ductus deferens in male reproductive system, Epididymis in male reproductive system,Respiratory tract Functions: Secretion and absorption, Cilia push out mucus and debris Specific characteristics: Cilia on apical surface, Goblet cells secret mucous into lument

Answer 33

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 34

Name the tissue type Location: External surfaces of the body Function: Barrier and protection

Answer 34

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 35

Name the tissue type Location: Covers moist cavities (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal) Functions: Barrier and protection

Answer 35

Non-Keratined Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 36

Name and describe the layers of Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium in the hand

Answer 36

Stratum Basale--bottom layer of cells; mitotic activity to produce more cells Stratum Spinosum--Deep to granulosum, contains nuclei Stratum Granulosum--Very dark thinner layer where keratin is added killing the cells thus waterproofing the cell and covering the nucleus Stratum Lucidum--Milky white layer only found in thick skin (soles of foot and palm of hand) Stratum Corneum--Outermost layer made of dead cells filled with keratin; very thick

Question 37

What layers are non-keratined stratified squamous epithelium missing

Answer 37

``` Non-keratined stratified squamous epithelium is missing: Stratum granulosum (no keratin) Stratum Spinosum (skin is not thick) ```

Question 38

Name the tissue type Cells contain nuclei throughout Basal cells are more mitoctically active and are more cuboidal in shape. Cells become more squamous as they migrate toward apical surface

Answer 38

Non-Keratined Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 39

Name the tissue type Location: Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Function: Barrier, Distensibility (streches) Characteristics: When relaxed cells are cuboidal shaped; when distended cells are squamous, binucleated cells, Apical surface has cloudy/pillowy appearance

Answer 39

Transitional Epithelium