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Neuroendocrine Exam 3 > Histology of Endocrine Organs > Flashcards

Histology of Endocrine Organs Flashcards

1
Q

what cells make up endocrine glands?

A

epithelioid cells

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2
Q

what are the direct targets of the hypothalamic hormones?

A

anterior pituitary, kidney and uterus, adrenal medulla

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3
Q

what type of hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A

tropic hormones

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4
Q

the ectodermal placode leads to what during what week of development?

A

it leads to Rathke’s pouch by the 3rd week

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5
Q

when is rathke’s pouch in its final destination?

A

week 8

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6
Q

what type of cells make up the anterior pituitary gland?

A

glandular epithelial cells

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7
Q

what are the three parts of the anterior pituitary?

A

pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia

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8
Q

what is the large part of the posterior pituitary referred to as?

A

pars nervosa

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9
Q

what is the remnant of the lumen of rathke’s pouch?

A

cyst intermedia

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10
Q

what do the corticotropic cells secrete?

A

ACTH and MSH

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11
Q

what do the acidophilic cells appear as?

A

red

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12
Q

what do the basophilic cells appear as?

A

darkish purple

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13
Q

what do the acidophils secrete?

A

GH and prolactin

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14
Q

what do the basophils secrete?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH

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15
Q

What is the pars nervosa continuous with?

A

the median eminence of the hypothalamus via the infundibular stalk

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16
Q

what does the pars nervosa consist of?

A

hypothalamic unmyelinated axons, herring bodies, and pituicytes

17
Q

what is the function of the herring bodies?

A

they are expanded axonal nerve terminals storing ADH/oxytocin

18
Q

how are the hypothalamic hormones released into the pars distalis?

A

via the hypophyseal portal system

19
Q

which hypothalamic neurons synthesis and secrete ADH and oxytocin?

A

supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus

20
Q

what is the pineal gland covered with?

A

pia mater

21
Q

what does the pineal gland synthesize?

A

melatonin and serotonin

22
Q

what type of cells are the follicular cells of the thyroid?

A

simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

23
Q

what does the colloid contain?

A

thyroglobulin

24
Q

where are the parafollicular c cells found?

A

they lie just outside the follicles in the thyroid gland

25
Q

what is the role of parafollicular cells?

A

they secrete calcitonin when blood levels of calcium are high

26
Q

how do parafollicular c cells appear when stained?

A

they are lightly stained

27
Q

what is grave’s disease?

A

abnormal antibodies stimulating TSH receptors which causes an over secretion of T3 and T4

28
Q

What causes goiters?

A

it is a thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency (the follicle cells keep producing thyroglobulin but cannot iodinate it to make TH

29
Q

what is the main cell type found in the parathyroid gland?

A

Chief (principal cells)

30
Q

what do the chief cells release?

A

PTH

31
Q

besides chief cells, what other cell type is found in the parathyroid gland?

A

Oxyphil cells

32
Q

what cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?

A

spherical cells called chromaffin cells

33
Q

what are the exocrine cells that make up part of the pancreas?

A

pancreatic acini

34
Q

what are the endocrine cells that are found in the pancrease?

A

islets of langerhans

35
Q

What are the pancreatic hormones?

A

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide

36
Q

what cells in the pancreas secrete somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

37
Q

what cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

A

Beta cells

38
Q

what cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon?

A

alpha cells

39
Q

what cells in the pancreas secrete pancreatic polypeptide?

A

F cells

Neuroendocrine Exam 3 (19 decks)

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