Histology of oral cavity, tooth, pharynx and oesophagus

Question 1

Name the types of epithelium in the oral cavity and which structures they line

Answer 1

1. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium- gum, hard palate.
2. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium- soft palate, cheeks, floor of mouth, pharynx.

Question 2

Name the 3 different covered surfaces of the lips

Answer 2

1. Internal mucous surface
2. Red vermillion zone (Transitional zone)
3. Outer surface

Question 3

Which covered surface of the lips does not have any salivary or sweat glands?

Answer 3

Red vermillion zone aka Transitional zone

Question 4

What kind of epithelium lines the internal mucous surface?

Answer 4

Thick nonkeratinized epithelium

Question 5

What type of epithelium lines the Transitional zone?

Answer 5

Thin keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What separates the anterior 2/3 from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 6

Sulcus Terminalis (V-shaped)

Question 7

Which surface of the tongue contains papillae and massed lingual tonsils

Answer 7

Dorsal surface

Question 8

What takes up 1/3 of the tongue posteriorly

Answer 8

Massed lingual tonsils

Question 9

Skeletal muscles of the tongue are oriented in the same direction. True of False

Answer 9

False; they are oriented in all directions

Question 10

Name the 4 types of lingual papillae and the order of which they appear on the tongue

Answer 10

1. Filiform papillae
2. Fungiform papillae
3. Foliate papillae
4. Vallate (circumvallate) papillae

Question 11

Which structures are formed between vallate papillae

Answer 11

Von Ebner Glands- provides continuous flow of fluid over taste buds

Question 12

Which type of lingual papillae is conical shaped, heavily keratinized and has a gray appearance to the surface?

Answer 12

Filiform papillae

Question 13

Which is the largest papillae and state its size

Answer 13

Vallate papillae; diameters 1 to 3mm

Question 14

Which papillae does not have any taste buds in them

Answer 14

Filiform papillae

Question 15

How many cells are in taste buds and what is there lifespan

Answer 15

50 to 100; 7 to 10 days

Question 16

Which nerve carries the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 16

Facial Nerve (CN 7)

Question 17

Which nerve carries the taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 17

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

Question 18

There are 32 permanent teeth in adults. True or False?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

20 of the permanent teeth are preceded by primary teeth true or false?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How many teeth are in a quadrant ?

Answer 20

Eight teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars

Question 20

Another name for primary teeth

Answer 20

Deciduous or milk teeth

Question 21

What type of tissue is present in the pulp cavity

Answer 21

mesenchymal connective tissue

Question 22

Where does the blood vessels enter the tooth from?

Answer 22

Apical foramina at root tips

Question 23

What type of ligaments hold the tooth to the bone of the jaw

Answer 23

Periodontal ligaments

Question 24

What makes up 70% of dentin

Answer 24

Hydroxyapatite

Question 25

Which cells produces dentin and lines the pulp cavity

Answer 25

Odontoblast

Question 26

When does predentin mineralize to become dentin

Answer 26

Within 1 day

Question 27

Where is predentin secreted from

Answer 27

Odontoblast

Question 28

Odontoblast is derived from neural crest in mesenchyme of developing pulp cavity. True or False?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The enamel is the hardest component of the human body. True of False?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

How much percent of calcium hydroxyapatite is present in the enamel

Answer 30

96%

Question 31

Name the cell that produces enamel

Answer 31

Ameloblasts

Question 32

What is the main structural protein of the developing enamel

Answer 32

Amelogenin

Question 33

Ameloblasts are derived from

Answer 33

Ectodermal lining of embryonic oral cavity

Question 34

When does the primary teeth begin to erupt

Answer 34

6 months after birth

Question 35

What is the 'bell stage'

Answer 35

When the development of secondary tooth arrest until 6 years of age

Question 36

Where does tooth formation begin

Answer 36

Embryo

Question 37

What induces ameloblasts to begin secretion of an enamel rod

Answer 37

contact with dentin

Question 38

What is the Periodontium comprised of?

Answer 38

Cementum, Periodontal ligament and Alveolar bones

Question 39

Cementum is avascular; True of False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What type of epithelium is the oral pharynx lined by?

Answer 40

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

Question 41

What are tonsillar crypts?

Answer 41

Deep grooves that invaginate each tonsil

Question 42

Which type of tonsil lacks crypts and is a part of MALT?

Answer 42

Pharyngeal tonsil

Question 43

How long is the oesophagus of adults?

Answer 43

25cm

Question 44

What type of epithelial cells lines the mucosa of the oesophagus

Answer 44

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 45

Name the four layers of the oesophagus and the connective tissue associated with each

Answer 45

Mucosa- Thin layer pf connective tissue Submucosa- Dense irregular connective tissue Muscularis externa- none Adventitia- Loose connective tissue

Question 46

Difference between the upper and lower muscularis externa of the oesophagus

Answer 46

Upper oesophagus- muscularis externa: inner circular muscle layer and outer longitudinal muscle layers composed of skeletal muscle fibers. Lower oesophagus- composed of smooth muscle fibers instead