Histology of the CNS

Question 1

parts of the CNS

Answer 1

brain, cerebellum, brainstem,spinal cord

Question 2

ganglion

Answer 2

clusters of neurons outside CNS

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

clusters of neurons inside CNS

Question 4

Somatic Sensory Neuron

Answer 4

primary DRG, secondary brainstem, tertiary thalamus, brain

Question 5

Somatic Motor Neuron

Answer 5

UMN in brain to LMN in spinal cord to Skeletal Muscle

Question 6

Autonomic Neuron

Answer 6

Preganglionic in Brainstem or Spinal Cord to Autonomic Ganglia outside CNS to Smooth muscle or Gland

Question 7

Axosomatic

Answer 7

axon to cell body

Question 8

Axodendritic

Answer 8

axon to dendrite

Question 9

Axoaxonic

Answer 9

Axon to axon, usually pre-synaptic inhibitory

Question 10

Synapsin I

Answer 10

phosphorylation moves vesicles to synapse

Question 11

Purkinje Neurons

Answer 11

Cerebellum, if damaged ataxia, tremors

Question 12

Pyramidal Neurons

Answer 12

UMN and Cerebrum, if damaged spasticity

Question 13

Alpha Motor Neurons

Answer 13

LMN, spinal cord, brain stem. if damaged twitching.

Question 14

Where are Alpha Motor Neurons located?

Answer 14

Ventral Horn in Spinal Cord and Brainstem Motor Nuceli

Question 15

ANS neurons NT

Answer 15

preganglionic to postganglionic always ACh.

Question 16

Sympathetic ANS NT

Answer 16

usually NE, sweat glands are ACh

Question 17

Location of Cranial PS?

Answer 17

brainstem nuclei and Ganglia

Question 18

Location of ANS Sympathetic Neurons?

Answer 18

Lateral Horn T1-L2

Chain and Collateral Ganglia

Question 19

Location of ANS Parasympathetics?

Answer 19

Lateral Horn S2-S4

Ganglia in Organs

Question 20

Glial Cells

Answer 20

proliferate, some migrate, gap junctions, become reactive with CNS is injured

Question 21

Macroglia

Answer 21

Astrocytes and Oligodendroglia, neuroectoderm origin

Question 22

Astrocytes

Answer 22

protoplasmic=gray
fibrous=white matter
euchromatic
GFAP is marker

Question 23

Astrocyte Function

Answer 23

Scavenge for IONS and NT like Glutamate, Glycogen storage/release, GLIAL scar, tell endothelial cells to form BBB via ZO.

Question 24

Protoplasmic Astrocytes

Answer 24

grey matter, fuzzy branches, Vascular End Feet, GFAP, satellite around neurons

Question 25

Fibrous Astrocytes

Answer 25

White matter mostly, Long processes, Vascular End Feet, GFAP

Question 26

Oligodendroglia

Answer 26

few processes, pyconotic nucleus, near nerons, NO basal lamina, Myelinate MANY axons.

Question 27

Microglia

Answer 27

Migrates and Phagocytose, BM origin, infected by HIV, MHCI and MHC II, in grey and white matter

Question 28

Ependymal Cells

Answer 28

Brain-CSF barrier, line ventricles and central canal, ciliated, proliferative layer of neural tube

Question 29

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 29

Capillary Endothelial Cell Tight Junctions signaled by Astrocytes

Question 30

Where is the BBB absent?

Answer 30

Circumventricular Organs like the Pineal Gland

Question 31

What does the Choroid Plexus do?

Answer 31

Makes CSF, has Blood-CSF barrier from tight junctions between choroid epi cells

Question 32

Fibroblast in the CNS

Answer 32

Make CNS meninges

Question 33

what composes the CNS Meninges?

Answer 33

pia (adherent to the brain), Arachnoid, Dure (tough outer)