Histology of the female reproductive system.

Question 1

The female reproductive system consist :

Answer 1

internal reproductive organs - uterus, vagina and ovaries

External genetalia- labia majora and minor, clitoris.

Question 2

Function of the female reproductive system?

Answer 2

PREP
1.production of gametes- oogenesis
2. Provision of a suitable environment for fertilization and fetus development.
3. reception of male gametes
4.Explusion of deloped fetus.

Question 3

ovaries are produced by which process..

Answer 3

oogenesis

Question 4

Body of the ovaries consist of what ?

Answer 4

> ovarian stroma
that resembles fibroblast and the peripheral zone of this stroma contains follices.

Question 5

Body of the ovaries consist of what ?

Answer 5

> stroma
that resembles fibroblast and the peripheral zone of this stroma contains follices

Question 6

Name the surface covering of ovaries?

Answer 6

Germinal epithelium.

Question 7

Define germinal epithelium

Answer 7

single layer of cuboidal mesothelial cells

continuous with mesothelial lining of the peritoneal cavity.

Question 8

Ovaries are Divided into 3 parts

Answer 8

Cortex
tunica albuginea
medulla

Question 9

what does the cortex of the ovaries consist of :

Answer 9

corpus luteuma and corpus albicans
numerous follicles..

Question 10

Tunica Albuginea consists of :

Answer 10

superficial cortex

Question 11

Medulla of the ovaries consists of :

Answer 11

central zone and is highly vascular

Question 12

Primary follicle

Answer 12

> consist of a primary oocyte
consist of a prominent nucleolus
a single surrounding layer of follicular cells

Question 13

When follicular cells divide by mitosis they multiply and become what

Answer 13

cuboidal cells known a granulosa cells

Question 14

Zona pellucida

Answer 14

layer that develops between the granulosa and the oocytes.

Thick homogenous layer of glycoprotein and acid proteoglycans

Question 15

Secondary follicle

Answer 15

Situated deeper in the ovarian cortex
Zona granulosa continues to proliferate

Question 16

as granulosa cells proliferate there
there are fluid filled spaces developing wich combine to form what?

Answer 16

follicular antrum.

Question 17

In Mature oocytes

Answer 17

Contains secondary oocyte
Follicular antrum enlarges
Zona granulosa forms an even layer around the periphery
Cumulus oophorus dimishes
Oocyte now surrounded by corona radiata

Question 18

Corona radiata

Answer 18

is attached to granulosa by ridges of cells

Question 19

At ovulation:

Answer 19

Mature follicle ruptures
Ovum expelled into peritoneal cavity
Ovum comprises of the secondary oocyte, zona pellucida and corona radiata

Question 20

After Ovalution

Answer 20

Ruptured follicle collapses and fills with a blood clot - forming the corpus luteum

Question 21

IN corpus luteum the granulosa cells acquire characteristics of steroids secreting cells therefore now are know as ?

Answer 21

granulosa lutein cells

Question 22

IN corpus luteum the granulosa cells acquire characteristics of steroids secreting cells therefore now are know as ?

Answer 22

granulosa lutein cells

Question 23

Corpus luteum of menstruation

Answer 23

Regresses 12 to 14 days after ovulation

Question 24

Corpus luteum of pregnancy

Answer 24

Regresses after 9th week of pregnancy
Prior to regression, enlarges greatly to occupy most of the ovary.

Question 25

Basic structure of Uterine tube

Answer 25

>inner mucosal lining >wall of smooth muscle >outer layer of loose supporting tissue.

Question 26

Corpus luteum of menstruation

Answer 26

Regresses 12 to 14 days after ovulation

Question 27

The basic structure of uterine tubes

Answer 27

>inner mucosal lining >wall of smooth muscle > outer layer of loose supporting tissue

Question 28

Inner mucosal lining of uterine tubes

Answer 28

forms a labyrinth of branching longitudinal folds. most prominent in the ampulla

Question 29

Mucosal folds

Answer 29

Branching core of vascular supporting tissue. single layer columnar epithelial cells. ( ciliated cells, non-ciliated secretory cells and intercalated cells.

Question 30

Name 3 layer of uterus body

Answer 30

perimetrium-thin external layer myometrium- thick smooth layer endometrium-thin internal layer

Question 31

The layer s of the uterus undergoes cyclical changes to offer a suitable environment for implantation name those phases?

Answer 31

Menstruation proliferation secretion

Question 32

Endometrium has 3 layers that are histologically and functionally distinct

Answer 32

>Stratum Basalis Deepest layer Adjacent to myometrium Has numerous endometrial glands Undergoes little cyclical change Not shed during the menstruation phase Stratum spongiosum Broad intermediate layer Stratum compactum Thinner superficial layer

Question 33

which layers makes up the stratum functionalis ?

Answer 33

stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum.

Question 34

Stratum functionalis - Stratum spongiosum + Stratum compactum

Answer 34

shed of during menstruation experience dramatic cyclical changes. numerous endometrial glands

Question 35

menstruation

Answer 35

Only occurs if no ovum fertilisation/implantation occurs Phase of endometrial (stratum functionalis) shedding Endometrial glands collapse

Question 36

Proliferation.

Answer 36

Phase of endometrial proliferation Endometrium becomes thicker and richly vascularized Simple tubular glands elongate to form coiled glands towards the later part of the phase

Question 37

secrection

Answer 37

Coiled appearance of glands is more pronounced Endometrial glands produces a copious, thick, glycogen-rich secretion Late phase characterized by saw-tooth appearance of glands

Question 38

Endometruim Epithelium

Answer 38

Tall and columnar Some cells have cilia Remainder have microvilli Regenerates after menstruation Proliferation phase: cells acquire cilia, microvilli and organelles needed for secretion phase

Question 39

Endometrium Epithelium surrounds what structure ?

Answer 39

endocervical canal which connects uterine cavity to the vagina and lined by a single layer of tall mucus -secreting columnar epithelial cells.

Question 40

Endocervical canal

Answer 40

is lined by tick stratified squamous epithelium. protrudes into superior aspect of vagina. Abrupt junction between ecto- and endocervical epithelial linings