Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respi > Histology (respi) > Flashcards

Histology (respi) Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Factors affecting lung capacity

A

Person’s size

Age

Gender

Respiratory health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fn of respi epithelium in lungs

A

Provides extensive area for gas exchange

Protects respi surfaces from environmental variations and pathogenic invasion

Involved in phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Components of the conducting zone

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, brinchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

Composed of 1st-16th division of respi tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fn of conducting zone

A

Filter, warm and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the respi zone located?

A

Site of O2 and CO2 exchange of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parts responsible for gas exchange

A

Majority is alveoli

Minority is respi bronchioles and alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which division of the respi tract does the respi zone represent?

A

16th to 23rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is inspired air conditioned?

A

Cleansed

Moistened by mucus

Warmed by rich vascular network in mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Components of URT

A

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Components of LRT

A

Trachea

Pri bronchi

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type of epithelium lining upper RT

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Main fn of upper RT

A

Conduct air to bottom part of respi tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type of epithelium lining lower RT

A

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main fn of lower RT

A

Conduction of air and gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does air enter the nose?

A

Enter via external nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parts of nasal cavity

A

External vestibule

Internal nasal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What conditions the air in the nasal cavity?

A

Air conditioned in the shelf-like projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name for respi epithelium

A

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cell types of the respi epithelium and their fn if applicable

A

Ciliated columnar cells -> protect nasal tract

Mucous goblet cells

Brush cells -> for sensation

Basal cells -> stem cells
- repairs protective fn

Small granule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Features of basal cells

A

Large nucleus

Few organelles

Scattered microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which cells are the first to be affected by cigarette smoke?

A

Basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is lamina propria (LP)?

A

Layer of connective tissue
- contains vessels and mucous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What forms the mucosa?

A

Epithelium and LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammatory disease of nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Histological and pathological changes during rhinitis
Goblet cells are hypertrophic and loaded w/ mucus secretion LP is edematous and infiltrated w/ few inflammatory cells Narrowing of nasal cavities due to fluid leakage from blood vessels
26
What does smoking do to the cells?
Inhibits ciliary movement
27
What does coughing do?
Removes dust-laden mucus from airways
28
How does smoking lead to squamous cell carcinoma?
Chronic smoking induces the transformation of the respi epithelium into stratified squamous epithelium -> initial step in eventual differentiation into tumor
29
What does paranasal air sinus add to your voice?
Resonance
30
Which structure is your paranasal sinus adjacent to?
Nasal cavity
31
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal sinus (FS) Maxillary sinus (MS) Ethmoidal sinus (ES) Sphenoidal sinus (SS)
32
What type of epithelium lines paranasal sinus?
Typical respiratory epithelium
33
What is sinusitis?
Inflammatory process involving 1/more of the paranasal sinus - cause swelling -> obstruction of drainage orifices
34
How would mucus drain into nose against gravity?
Cilia push mucus up
35
Where does pharynx extend into?
Internal nares and larynx
36
Layers of pharynx (superior to inferior)
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
37
What is the soft palate?
Extension of hard palate
38
Location of soft palate
Anteriorly (aka near back of throat) Superior to back of tongue
39
Fn of soft palate
Close off such that food doesn't get into nasopharynx
40
What kind of epithelium lines oral surface?
Stratified squamous epithelium
41
What kind of epithelium lines nasal surface?
Respiratory epithelium
42
Features of the larynx
Connects pharynx to the trachea Contains 9 cartilages
43
Location of vocal cords
Below the epiglottis
44
How many vocal cords are there?
2 pairs
45
Upper vs lower pair of vocal cords
Upper -> false vocal cords Lower -> true vocal cords
46
Position of vocal cords during inspiration
Opened
47
Position of vocal cords during phonation
Closed
48
Type of epithelium lining the larynx
Entire lingual and apical larnygeal surface covered w/ stratified squamous epithelium
49
Type of epithelium lining base of epiglottis
Undergoes transition -> ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
50
Type of epithelium lining false vocal cords
Typical respiratory epithelium
51
Type of epithelium lining true vocal cords
Stratified squamous epithelium
52
What is the shape of the cartilage in the trachea?
Ring-shaped
53
Location of trachea
Extends from below the larynx
54
Right vs left main bronchus
Right - wide - more vertical - short Left - narrow - longer
55
What is the carina of the trachea?
Hook-shaped process projecting backward from the lower margin of the lowest tracheal ring
56
Feature of carina
Sensitive area
57
Location of the carina
At area where the trachea bifurcate into left and right primary bronchus
58
How do the arteries run in the bronchopulmonary segment?
Run through the centre of the segment
59
How do the veins and lymphatic run in the bronchopulmonary segment?
Drain along the edges of the segment
60
Does infection stay restricted within the bronchopulmonary segment?
Usually yes - but can spread from one segment to another
61
What connects the 2 ends of the C-shaped cartilage in the trachea?
Fibroelastic ligament and smooth muscle bundle
62
What kind of epithelium lines the trachea?
Respiratory epithelium
63
What lines the visceral pleura adherent to the lung?
Mesothelium
64
How do the pulmonary lymphatic vessels run?
Follow bronchi and pulmonary vessels
65
Where are the pulmonary lymphatic vessels found?
In the interlobular septum
66
Where do pulmonary lymphatic vessels drain into?
Into the lymph nodes at the hilum of the lung
67
What does the pri bronchi divide into right and left lung?
3 bronchi in the right lung 2 in the left lung
68
Is there cartilage in the bronchi?
Yes
69
Is there cartilage in alveoli?
No
70
What does terminal bronchiole divide into?
Respiratory bronchiole
71
What does respiratory bronchiole open into?
Alveolar ducts/alveoli
72
Features of bronchiole in lung
No cartilage and mucus glands Presence of smooth muscle
73
What kind of receptors are present in the respiratory tract?
Beta-2 adrenergic receptors
74
How does the epithelium transition as you enter the respiratory bronchiole?
Ciliated columnar epithelium gradually becomes ciliated cuboidal and later to non-ciliated squamous epithelium
75
Type 1 vs type 2 cell
Type 1 - flat nucleus Type 2 - thick nucleus
76
Main cell types in interalveolar septum (5)
Capillary endothelial cells Type 1 epithelial cells Type 2 epithelial cells Interstitial cells (fibroblast) Alveolar macrophage
77
Where does fluid collect in event of pulmonary edema?
Mainly in btw alveoli and interstitial space - if fluid go inside alveoli -> pink frothy sputum
78
Fn of type 2 cell
Produce surfactant to prevent collapse of alveolus and inner walls sticking tgt Replenish type 1 in event of loss
79
Fn of type 1 cell
Allow gas exchange btw alveolus and capillaries
80
How does surfactant enable the lung to inflate?
Reduce surface tension -> increase pulmonary compliance -> lung inflate much more easily
81
Pulmonary innervation for parasympathetic and what it causes
M3 -> bronchoconstriction
82
Pulmonary innervation for sympathetic and what it causes
Beta 2 -> bronchodilation
83
Looking at a slide of lung tissue, how to know if the lumen is due to a bronchus or blood vessel?
Bronchus -> cartilage present Blood vessel -> irregular shape

Respi (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions