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HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > HISTOPATH LEC - LESSON 2 > Flashcards

HISTOPATH LEC - LESSON 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology is derived from two Greek words–

A

Pathos

Logos

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2
Q

Pathos means

A

Suffering-Disease

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3
Q

Logos means

A

study

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4
Q

Pathology

A

scientific study of structure and function of the body in disease

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5
Q

Who discovered the existence of major human blood groups

A

Carl Landsteiner

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6
Q

Father of Clinical Pathology

A

Paul Ehrlich

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7
Q

Father of Museum in Pathology

A

John Hunter

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8
Q

Father of Blood Transfusion

A

Carl Landsteiner

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9
Q

Father of Cellular Pathology

A

Rudolf Virchow

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10
Q

Father of CPCs

A

Giovanni B. Morgagni

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11
Q

Father of Exfoliative Cytology

A

George N. Papanicolaou

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12
Q

Conferred Noble prize for his work in immunology

A

Paul Ehrlich

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13
Q

proposed cellular theory of disease

A

Rudolf Virchow

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14
Q

developed Pap test for diagnosis of cancer and uterine cervix

A

George N. Papanicolaou

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15
Q

Introduced clinicopathologic methodology in the study of disease by correlation of clinical findings at post mortem examination

A

Giovanni B. Morgagni

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16
Q

Subdivisions of Pathology (2)

A

General pathology

Systemic pathology

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17
Q

largest branch of pathology

A

human pathology

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18
Q

defined as an abnormal variation in structure or function of any part of the body

A

Disease

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19
Q

dealing with general principles of disease

A

General pathology

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20
Q

deals with the study of diseases pertaining to specific organs and body systems

A

Systemic pathology

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21
Q

Four aspects of disease

A

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphologic changes
Functional dearrangements and clinical significance

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22
Q

the cause of a disease is known

A

primary etiology

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23
Q

the cause of a disease is unknown

A

idiopathic

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24
Q

two major classes of etiologic factors

A

Genetic

Acquired

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25
the mechanism through which the cause operates to produce the pathological and clinical manifestations.
Pathogenesis
26
refers to the structural alterations in cells and tissues
Morphologic changes
27
T or F Morphologic changes cannot be used by the pathologist to identify the disease.
F CAN BE
28
Changes that can be seen with the naked eye
Gross morphologic changes
29
Changes that can be seen under the microscope
Microscopic changes
30
The morphologic changes will lead to
functional alterations and clinical signs and symptoms of disease
31
the morphologic changes influence the normal function of organ, by doing so, they determine:
the clinical features, course, and prognosis of disease
32
four aspects of disease
Etiology Pathogenesis Microscopic change Functional dearrangements and clinical significance
33
study of cells from various body sites to determine the cause and nature of the disease
Cytopathologic techniques
34
what should be done once the tissue is removed by the patient
it has to be immediately fixed in an adequate amount of 10% formaldehyde before sending it to pathologist
35
T or F Once the tissue arrives at the pathology department, the pathologist will examine it microscopically
F Macroscopically
36
studies tissues under the microscope
Histopathological technique
37
tissues for histopath examination are obtained by:
biopsy
38
is a tissue sample from a living person to identify the disease
biopsy
39
a biopsy can be either:
incisional or excisional
40
advantages of cytologic examinations
cheap takes less time needs no anesthesia to take specimens complementary to histopathological exam
41
Cythopath methods
FNAC Exfoliative cytology Abrasive cytology
42
the method by which abnormalities of the cells of the blood and their precursors in the bone marrow are investigated to diagnose the diff kinds of anemia and leukemia
Hematological examination
43
method is used to detect a specific antigen in the tissue
Immunohistochemistry
44
examination of the dead to identify the cause of death
autopsy
45
used to detect genetic diseases
molecular techniques
46
the method by which body fluids, excised tissues are examined by microscopically, cultural, and serological techniques to identify micro organism responsible for many diseases
Microbiological examinations
47
the method by which the metabolic disturbances of disease are investigated by assay of various normal and abnormal compounds in the blood, urine etc
biochemical examinations
48
the method by which inherited chromosomal abnormalities in the germ cells or acquired chromosomal abnormalities in somatic cells are investigated
Cytogentetics / Clinical genetics
49
diseases can be caused either :
environmental or genetic factors
50
environmetal causes of disease are many and are classified into:
``` physical agents chemicals nutritional deficiency and excesses infections and infestations immunological factors psychogenic factors ```
51
these agents apply excess physical agents in any form to the body
physical agents
52
physical agents includes:
trauma, extremes of temperature, radiation and electric power.
53
nutritional deficiencies may arise as a result of:
poor supply interference with absorption inefficient transport within the body defective utilization
54
dietary excess cause:
obesity
55
obesity attendant dangers:
type 2 diabetes high blood pressure heart disease
56
essential for protection against microorganisms and parasites
immune process
57
the abnormalities of the immune system include:
hypersensitivity reaction immunodeficiency autoimmunity
58
exaggerated immune response to an antigen
hypersensitivity reaction
59
due to deficiency of a component of the immune system which leads to increased susceptibility to different diseases
immunodeficiency
60
abnormal immune reaction against the self-antigens of the host.
autoimmunity
61
the mental stresses imposed by the conditions of life
psychogenic factors
62
reversible transmission between life and biological death
clinical death
63
period of respiratory, circulatory and brain arrest during which initiation of resuscitation can lead to recovery
clinical death
64
sure sign of death
biological death
65
applications of cytopath
screening of asymptomatic cancer/ early detection diagnosis of symptomatic cancer surveillance of patients treated for cancer
66
cells are obtained by aspirating the diseased organ using a very thin needle under negative pressure
FNAC/ fine-needle aspiration cytology
67
superficial organs
thyroid, skin, lymph nodes, breast, soft tissues
68
deep organs
lung, mediastinum, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum
69
advantages of FNAC
CHEAP FAST ACCURATE IN DIAGNOSING MANY DISEASES

HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (6 decks)

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