HISTOPATHOLOGY

Question 1

different procedures that have been adopted for preparation of materials & tissue for microscopic exam

Answer 1

histopathologic techniques

Question 2

12 steps in HT

Answer 2

numbering, fixation, dehydration, clearing, wax impregnation, embedding, blocking, trimming, sectioning, staining, mounting, labelling

Question 3

the one who validates if specimen is adequate/ good for processing

Answer 3

receptionist

Question 4

ideal container for HT

Answer 4

proportional to size if specimen
clear
unbreakable
wide mouthed bottle

Question 5

specimen source for HT

Answer 5

bilateral organs,
miscellaneous

Question 6

includes date and time, name of patient, specimen #

Answer 6

numbering

Question 7

most critical step in HT

Answer 7

fixation

Question 8

preserve morphology & chemical constituents of tissue

Answer 8

primary aim of fixation

Question 9

protect & harden specimen for further handling

Answer 9

secondary aim

Question 10

effects of fixatives

Answer 10

1. inhibit bacterial growth & reduce risk of infections
2. act as mordant/accentuator- accelerating staining

Question 11

types of fixatives involves small tissue/organ

Answer 11

microanatomic fixative

Question 12

involves body fluid/secretion

Answer 12

cytological fixative

Question 13

include flemming’s fluid, bouin’s fuid, heidenhain’s susa

Answer 13

nuclear fixatives

Question 14

kelly’s fluid, orth’s fluid

Answer 14

cytoplasmic fixatives

Question 15

involves tissue containing labile substances

Answer 15

histochemical fixative

Question 16

3 types of of fixatives according to ACTIONS

Answer 16

1. microanatomic
2. cytological
3. histochemical

Question 17

uses ONLY on chemical for fixation

Answer 17

simple fixative

Question 18

use 2/more chemicals for fixation

Answer 18

compound fixative

Question 19

2 types of fixatives according to COMPOSITION

Answer 19

1. simple
2. compound

Question 20

• 3rd step in HT that uses utilizing chemicals known as dehydrating agents
• removing of intracellular & extracellular water & fixatives in tissue

Answer 20

dehydration

Question 21

most commonly used agent in dehydration

Answer 21

alcohol

Question 22

4th step in HT that uses removing of dehydrating agents

Answer 22

clearing

Question 23

this step in HT uses XYLENE most commonly

Answer 23

clearing

Question 24

clearing agents is completely removed from tissue & replace by medium that will completely fill all tissue cavities

Answer 24

impregnation(infiltration)

Question 25

simplest, most common, best embedding medium used for routine tissue processing

Answer 25

paraffin

Question 26

6th step in HT that impregnated tissue is places to precisely arrange position in a mold containing medium which then allowed to solidify.

Answer 26

embbeding (casting/blocking)

Question 27

4 types of tissue impregnation

Answer 27

paraffin wax, celloidin, gelatin, plastic

Question 28

7th step, allows medium to solidify to produce tissue block

Answer 28

blocking

Question 29

8th step, removing excess wax after embedding can use knife, blade, heated spatula

Answer 29

trimming

Question 30

step in HT known as cutting/microtomy

Answer 30

sectioning

Question 31

step in HT where processed tissue is cut into uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under microscope

Answer 31

sectioning

Question 32

machine/instrument used for cutting sections of tissue

Answer 32

microtome

Question 33

kinds of microtome

Answer 33

1. rocking 2. rotary 3. sliding 4. freezing 5. rotary 6. ultrathin

Question 34

simplest & oldest type of microtome

Answer 34

rocking

Question 35

microtome use for cutting sections of tissue specimen

Answer 35

rotary

Question 36

most dangerous type of microtome

Answer 36

sliding

Question 37

type of microtome that uses urgent surgical biopsies specimens

Answer 37

freezing

Question 38

- microtome that permits rapid penetration of tissue biopsies for surgical pathology - also known as COLD MICROTOME

Answer 38

rotary

Question 39

microtome for electron microscope

Answer 39

ultrathin

Question 40

10th step in HT where tissue constituent are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction w/ dye or staining solution producing coloration of active tissue component

Answer 40

staining

Question 41

- utilizes micro anatomical studies of tissue - it's negative staining method

Answer 41

hematoxylin & eosin staining

Question 42

solution which specimen is embedded, generally under a cover glass

Answer 42

mounting medium

Question 43

may be liquid, gum/resinous, soluble in water, alcohol, or other solvents & be sealed from external atmosphere by non- soluble ringing media

Answer 43

mounting

Question 44

12th step in HT

Answer 44

labelling

Question 45

3 specimens for examination

Answer 45

1. gynecological 2. non- gynecological 3. urine

Question 46

type of specmen for examination that is performed regularly even in pregnant woman w/o undue risk ex: vaginal smear

Answer 46

gynecological

Question 47

type of specimen for examination that uses sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

Answer 47

non- gynecological