History 106Y Study Guide for Exam 2, Fall 22

Question 1

Treaty of Versailles (1919) (Senate response)

Answer 1

Wilson was unwilling to negotiate further on the treaty. As a result, the senate rejected the treaty.

Question 2

League of Nations (purpose)

Answer 2

Abolish war by settling international disputes and mobilizing united action against aggressors. Also to promote international cooperation and achieve peace and security.

Question 3

Red Scare (1919-20)(who involved, purpose)

Answer 3

Palmer, Hoover, and Wilson? It was to stop the spread of communism. There was a plot to kill Pres. Wilson and other gov. officials

Question 4

Marcus Garvey (program)

Answer 4

Pan-Africanism. To unify and connect people of African descent.

Question 5

Andrew Mellon (who, program)

Answer 5

Banker, businessman, and art collector. Ex-U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The Mellon Plan reduced gov. spending, lowered taxes for the wealthy, and higher tariffs.

Question 6

KKK (purpose, slogan)

Answer 6

To fight Reconstruction and push back against African American civil rights advancement. “100% Americanism”

Question 7

Teapot Dome (1923)(what is it)

Answer 7

It was a Gov. owned oil field in Wyoming. Albert Fall was accused of accepting bribes for granting oil companies leases.

Question 8

National Origins Act (1924) (terms, purpose)

Answer 8

Only a certain number of people from each country could move to the United States yearly.

Question 9

Stock market crash (causes)

Answer 9

People focused too much on stocks: overvaluation, lack of regulation, economic slowdown, speculation, and leverage.

Question 10

Great Depression (causes & explain, what ends)

Answer 10

Overproduction and under-consumption. Manufacturing increased, and the purchasing power of consumers decreased. Spending on wartime ends.

Question 11

Bonus March (1932)(purpose, impact, organizers)

Answer 11

To get an early payment of a “bonus” that Congress had promised them for their military service. The US Army eventually dispersed the bonus. Unemployed military veterans.

Question 12

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) (1932)(what is it, purpose)

Answer 12

Provide emergency loans to banks, life insurance companies, and railroads. To help “shore up” several faltering businesses.

Question 13

FDR & banking crisis (1933)(initial moves)

Answer 13

Called for a “Bank Holiday,” all banks would close for some time so that the government could investigate which banks would and wouldn’t survive.

Question 14

Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933) (purpose, method)

Answer 14

To stabilize farm income and prices by reducing agricultural production. Paid farmers to reduce production and set minimum prices for certain crops.

Question 15

National Industrial Recovery Act (1933)(terms, purpose)

Answer 15

NIRA. Promote economic growth by allowing large corporations to work together to set prices on various products.

Question 16

Schechter Poultry Corp. v. the US (1935) (ruling)

Answer 16

The NRA was unconstitutional under the “separation of powers” doctrine.

Question 17

FDIC (1933) (terms, purpose)

Answer 17

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. To insure customer bank accounts up to 2.5k, reducing the likelihood of future panics.

Question 18

SEC (1933) (terms, purpose)

Answer 18

Security Exchange Act. Enforce the new laws and regulations governing the issuance and trading of stocks and bonds.

Question 19

National Labor Relations Act (1935) (Wagner Act, terms, timing)

Answer 19

NLRA. Protects workers who want to form a union and negotiate with their employer—enacted during the Great Depression.

Question 20

Social Security Act (1935)(terms, purpose)

Answer 20

SSA. Assist older Americans and those with disabilities.

Question 21

Second New Deal (1935) (programs)

Answer 21

Works Progress Administration (1935), Wagner Act (1935), Social Security Act (1935), and Aid for Dependent Children (1935).

Question 22

Democratic coalition (what, who)

Answer 22

A coalition of liberals supported the domestic policies of FDR’s New Deal. Democrats, labor unions, farmers, African Americans, and Catholics.

Question 23

“Court-packing” (1937)(reasons, what happened, impact)

Answer 23

Increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court—asked congress to name up to six new justices. It damaged the president’s prestige, fractured the Democratic party, and increased the executive branch’s power.

Question 24

1937 slump (causes, impact)

Answer 24

A sharp cut in government spending, the end of The New Deal, The Great Depression, and FDR balanced the budget. Setback to production and increase in unemployment.

Question 25

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)(terms)

Answer 25

Established the 40-hr work week. Minimum wage, child labor, 40-hr work week, and overtime pay.

Question 26

Nye Committee & Isolationism (purpose, impact)

Answer 26

To investigate the causes of the war and determine whether American involvement was justified. Caused the rise of isolationism in the United States.

Question 27

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 (terms, overall impact)

Answer 27

Belligerents and cash-and-carry. Limited the ability of the United States to intervene in foreign conflicts.

Question 28

Munich Conference (1938)(impact)

Answer 28

Appeasement allowed for the annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland. This agreement led to the collapse of the Czechoslovakian government.

Question 29

Neutrality Act of 1939 (terms)

Answer 29

Allowed for “cash-and-carry.”

Question 30

Lend-Lease Act (1941)(terms, purpose, impact)

Answer 30

To help the Allied nations fighting in WWII. Allowed the president to lend or lease military equipment to countries whose defense seemed vital to the US.

Question 31

Atlantic Charter (1941)(purpose)

Answer 31

The purpose of the Atlantic Charter was to lay out the Allied goals for the future after World War II.

Question 32

Pearl Harbor (1941)(date, reasons for Japanese strategic failure)

Answer 32

12/7/41. Underestimated the strength of the US fleet, did not expect the Americans to be able to mount a successful defense of the Hawaiian Islands, unaware of the existence of the American aircraft carrier force, ignored maintenance facilities and oil storage tanks that supported the US fleet and did not plan for the possibility of American counterattacks.

Question 33

Midway (1942) (what was it, impact)

Answer 33

It was a Japanese air strike from Midway to Pearl Harbor. The American victory eliminated the threat to Hawaii, blunted japans momentum, and bought time for the US.

Question 34

Casablanca Conference (1942)(purpose, results)

Answer 34

Make plans for the invasion of Europe. Bombing increased in German cities, and military aid was provided for the Soviet Union and the Chinese.

Question 35

Yalta Conference (1945) (agreements)

Answer 35

Once Germany surrendered, the soviets could occupy eastern Germany, and the Americans and British would control western Germany. They agreed to hold organizational meetings for the United Nations.

Question 36

Presidents: Wilson through Truman

Answer 36

Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, and Roosevelt.

Question 37

What ultimately ended the Great Depression?

Answer 37

WWII

Question 38

What was the first city destroyed by an atomic bomb?

Answer 38

Hiroshima, Japan

Question 39

According to the Constitution, how is the president selected?

Answer 39

Electoral College. Requires plurality and majority of electoral votes; if no one gets the majority, the President is chosen by the House voting by state, needs a majority to become President.