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Bacte Lec > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

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1
Q

is a branch of Science which deals with propagation,
isolation and identification of microorganisms.

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

it is the science of living organisms that are not directly
visible to naked eye but only under the microscope.

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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3
Q

term microbiology was introduced by?

A

Louis Pasteur

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4
Q

may be beneficial or harmful to human beings

A

microorganisms

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4
Q

demonstrated that fermentation was caused by the growth of bacteria and yeast

A

Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

Cannot be seeeen by naked eyes, they are only seen under the microscope

A

microorganisms

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6
Q

Father of microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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7
Q

present everywhere on earth, including human beings, animals, plants, soil, water, food, and atmosphere

A

microorganisms

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8
Q

Also known as discovery era

A

spontaneous generation

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9
Q

believed that living organism could develop from non-living materials

A

aristotle

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10
Q

described that diseease caused by a minute “seed” or “germ”

A

Rogen Bacon

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11
Q

Descriptions of protozoa, basic types of bacteria, yeasts, and algae

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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12
Q

Father of Bacteriology and protozoology

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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13
Q

In 1676, he observed and described microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa as animacules

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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14
Q

According to Anton, bacteria and protozoa is described as

A

Animacules

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15
Q

In 1878, the term microbe is used by ?

A

Sedillot

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16
Q

People on Discovery Era

A

Aristotle
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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17
Q

People in Transition Era

A

Francesco Redi
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzai

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18
Q

He showed that maggots would not arise from decaying meat, when it is covered

A

Francesco Redi

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19
Q

Supporter of the spontaneous generation theory

A

John Needham

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20
Q

He proposed that tiny organisms (animacules) arose spontaneously on the mutton gravy

A

John Needham

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21
Q

He covered the flasks with cork as done by Redi, Stiill microbes appeared on mutton broth

A

John Needham

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22
Q

He demonstrated that aiir carried germs to the culture medium

A

Lazzaro Spallanzai

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23
Q

He showed that boiled broth would not give rise to microscopic forms of life

A

Lazzaro Spallanzai

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24
People in Golden Era
Louis Pasteur John Tynndall Lord Joseph Lister Robert Koch Fanne Eilshemius Hesse Richard Petri Edward Jenner Alexander Flemming Paul Elrich
25
Father of Medical Microbiology
Louis Pasteur
26
He pointed that no growth took place in swan neck shaped tubes because dust and germs had been trapped on the walls of the curved necks but if the necks were broken off so that dust fell direectly down into the flash, miicrobial growth commenced immediately
27
Suggested that mild heating at 62.8C (145F) for 30 minutes rather than boiling was enough to destroy the undesirable organisms without ruining the taste of the product, the process was called Pasteurizaion
Louis Pasteur
28
The process of mild heating at 62.8C (145F) for 30 minutes rather than boiling
Pasteurizaion
29
IInvented the processes of pasteurization, fermenntation
Louis Pasteur
30
Develop effective vaccines (rabies and anthrax)
Louis Pasteur
31
Demonstrated diseases of silkworm was due to a protozoan parasite
Louis Pasteur
32
Coined the term microbiology, aerobic, anaerobic
Louis Pasteur
33
Disproved the theory of spontaneous germination
Louis Pasteur
34
Demonstrated that anthrax was caused by bcateria and also produced the vaccine for the disease
Louis Pasteur
35
develop lived attenuated vaccine for the disease
Louis Pasteur
36
Discovered highly resistant bacterial structure, later known as endospore
John Tyndall
37
Highly resistant bacterial structure
Endospore
38
Prolonged boiling or intemittent heating was necessary to kill these spores, to make the infusion completely sterilized, a process known as?
Tyndallisation
39
Invented Tyndallisation
John Tyndall
40
Father of antiseptic surgery
Lord Joseph Lister
41
concluded that wound infections were due to microorganisms
Lord Joseph Lister
42
Devised a method to destroy microorganisms in the operation theatre by spraing a fine mist of carbolic acid into the air
Lord Joseph Lister
43
Demonstrated the role of bacteria in causing disease
Robert Koch
44
He perfected the technique of isolating bacteria in pure culture
Robert Koch
45
Used gelatin to prepare solid media but it was not ideal
Robert Koch
46
Why gelatin is not ideal?
Gelatin is a protein, it is digested by many bacteria capable of producing a PROTEOLYTIC EXOENZYME GELATINASE that hydrolyses the protein to amino acids It melts when the temperature rises above 25C
47
First proposed the use of agar in culture media
Fanne Eilshemius Hesse
48
Koch assistant
Fanne Eilshemius Hesse
49
Said that agar is not attacked by most bacteria
Fanne Eilshemius Hesse
50
Agar is better than gelatin because of its melting point at (?) and solidifying points at (?)
96C 40-45C
51
He developed the petri dish (plate), a container used for solid culture media
Richard Petri
52
First to prevent small pox
Edward Jenner
53
He discovered the technique of vaccination
Edward Jenner
54
He discovered the penicillin from penicillium notatum that destroy several pathogenic bacteria
Alexander Flemming
55
Penicillin is derived from?
Penicillium notatum
56
He discovered the treatment of syphilis by using arsenic
Paul Elrich
57
Treatment for syphilis through the use of?
Arsenic
58
He studied toxins and antitoxins in quantitative terms and laid foundation of biologiical standardization
Paul Elrich
59
Modern Era 1901 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Von behring Dipth antitox
60
Modern Era 1902 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Ronald Ross Malaria
61
Modern Era 1905 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Robert Koch Tb
62
Modern Era 1908 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Metchnikoff Phagocytosis
63
Modern Era 1945 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Flemming Penicillin
64
Modern Era 1962 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Watson, Crick DNA structure
65
Modern Era 1968 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Holley, Khorana Genetic Code
66
Modern Era 1997 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Pruisner Prions
67
Modern Era 2002 Nobel Laurates and Contribution
Brenner, Hervitz Genetic regulation of organ development and cell death

Bacte Lec (4 decks)

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